Wood Nicholas, McIntyre Peter, Wong Melanie
National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Diseases, The Children's Hospital at Westmead and the University of Sydney, Department of Allergy, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, NSW, Australia.
J Paediatr Child Health. 2006 Nov;42(11):665-73. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1754.2006.00927.x.
In most of Australia, general practitioners manage routine childhood vaccination schedules. However, paediatricians have an important role and need to have a thorough understanding of vaccination, particularly as it interfaces with other medical care. This is challenging as the Australian Standard Vaccination Schedule has undergone some substantial changes over the past 4 years, with the addition of meningococcal C conjugate, 7 valent pneumococcal conjugate, varicella and inactivated polio vaccines. Paediatricians are frequently the first port of call for advice on vaccination schedules for children with special needs, in relation to either vaccine efficacy or the risk of side effects. Categories include children with a range of chronic diseases, immunosuppression, premature infants and immigrant children. Advice about specific vaccines such as varicella, inactivated polio, influenza or multivalent vaccines and revaccination after adverse events is also often sought. The aim of this article is to update paediatricians on vaccination recommendations and relevant reference sources. The first part of this article discusses groups with special vaccination requirements. The second part discusses the use of individual vaccines in these children.
在澳大利亚的大部分地区，全科医生负责管理儿童常规疫苗接种计划。然而，儿科医生也发挥着重要作用，需要全面了解疫苗接种情况，尤其是在疫苗接种与其他医疗护理相互关联方面。这颇具挑战性，因为在过去4年里，澳大利亚标准疫苗接种计划发生了一些重大变化，新增了C群脑膜炎球菌结合疫苗、7价肺炎球菌结合疫苗、水痘疫苗和灭活脊髓灰质炎疫苗。对于有特殊需求的儿童，无论是在疫苗效力还是副作用风险方面，儿科医生常常是咨询疫苗接种计划的首要对象。这些儿童包括患有一系列慢性疾病、免疫抑制的儿童、早产儿和移民儿童。关于水痘、灭活脊髓灰质炎、流感或多价疫苗等特定疫苗以及不良事件后的再接种的建议也经常被寻求。本文旨在向儿科医生介绍疫苗接种建议及相关参考资料。本文第一部分讨论有特殊疫苗接种需求的群体。第二部分讨论这些儿童中个别疫苗的使用情况。
