Perez-Pinzon Miguel A
Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33101, USA.
Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 2007 Jun;147(2):291-9. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.08.032. Epub 2006 Aug 30.
Different physiological adaptations for anoxia resistance have been described in the animal kingdom. These adaptations are particularly important in organs that are highly susceptible to energy deprivation such as the heart and brain. Among vertebrates, turtles are one of the species that are highly tolerant to anoxia. In mammals however, insults such as anoxia, ischemia and hypoglycemia, all cause major histopathological events to the brain. However, in mammals even ischemic or anoxic tolerance is found when a sublethal ischemic/anoxic insult is induced sometime before a lethal ischemic/anoxic insult is induced. This phenomenon is defined as ischemic preconditioning. Better understanding of the mechanisms inducing both anoxic tolerance in turtles or ischemic preconditioning in mammals may provide novel therapeutic interventions that may aide mammalian brain to resist the ravages of cerebral ischemia. In this review, we will summarize some of the mechanisms implemented in both models of tolerance, emphasizing physiological and biochemical similarities.
在动物界，已经描述了不同的抗缺氧生理适应机制。这些适应机制在对能量剥夺高度敏感的器官（如心脏和大脑）中尤为重要。在脊椎动物中，海龟是对缺氧高度耐受的物种之一。然而，在哺乳动物中，缺氧、缺血和低血糖等损伤都会导致大脑发生重大的组织病理学事件。不过，在哺乳动物中，如果在诱导致死性缺血/缺氧损伤之前的某个时间诱导亚致死性缺血/缺氧损伤，也会发现缺血或缺氧耐受性。这种现象被定义为缺血预处理。更好地理解诱导海龟缺氧耐受性或哺乳动物缺血预处理的机制，可能会提供新的治疗干预措施，有助于哺乳动物大脑抵抗脑缺血的破坏。在这篇综述中，我们将总结在这两种耐受性模型中所实施的一些机制，强调生理和生化方面的相似性。
