航运安全：人为因素。
Safety in shipping: the human element.
作者信息
Hetherington Catherine, Flin Rhona, Mearns Kathryn
机构信息
The Industrial Psychology Research Centre, School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, Kings College, Old Aberdeen, AB24 2UB.
出版信息
J Safety Res. 2006;37(4):401-11. doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2006.04.007. Epub 2006 Oct 16.
INTRODUCTION
There are numerous diverse papers that have addressed issues within maritime safety; to date there has been no comprehensive review of this literature to aggregate the causal factors within accidents in shipping and surmise current knowledge.
METHODS
This paper reviewed the literature on safety in three key areas: common themes of accidents, the influence of human error, and interventions to make shipping safer. The review included 20 studies of seafaring across the following areas: fatigue, stress, health, situation awareness, teamwork, decision-making, communication, automation, and safety culture.
RESULTS
The review identifies the relative contributions of individual and organizational factors in shipping accidents, and also presents the methodological issues with previous research.
CONCLUSIONS
The paper concludes that monitoring and modifying the human factors issues presented in this paper could contribute to maritime safety performance.
IMPACT ON INDUSTRY
This review illustrates which human factors issues are prevalent in incidents therefore this gives shipping practitioners a focus for interventions.
引言
有大量不同的论文探讨了海上安全问题；迄今为止，尚未对这些文献进行全面综述，以汇总航运事故中的因果因素并推测当前的知识。
方法
本文回顾了关于安全的三个关键领域的文献：事故的共同主题、人为失误的影响以及使航运更安全的干预措施。该综述包括20项关于航海的研究，涉及以下领域：疲劳、压力、健康、态势感知、团队合作、决策、沟通、自动化和安全文化。
结果
该综述确定了个体和组织因素在航运事故中的相对贡献，并指出了先前研究中的方法学问题。
结论
本文得出结论，监测和修正本文中提出的人为因素问题有助于提高海上安全绩效。
对行业的影响
本综述说明了哪些人为因素问题在事故中普遍存在，因此这为航运从业者提供了干预的重点。
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