Int Panis Luc, Broekx Steven, Liu Ronghui
Flemish Institute for Technological Research, B-2400 Mol, Belgium.
Sci Total Environ. 2006 Dec 1;371(1-3):270-85. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.08.017. Epub 2006 Oct 16.
This paper considers the effect of active speed management on traffic-induced emissions. In particular, the traffic emissions caused by acceleration and deceleration of vehicles are modelled based on an instantaneous emission model integrated with a microscopic traffic simulation model. The emission model is based on empirical measurements which relate vehicle emission to the type, the instantaneous speed and acceleration of the vehicle. The traffic model captures the second-by-second speed and acceleration of individual vehicles travelling in a road network based on their individual driving style, the vehicle mechanics, and their interaction with other traffic and with traffic control in the network. The integrated model is applied to test a new technology to actively manage the driving speed of the vehicles in an urban network. Their impacts on vehicle emission in the network are assessed to give an indication of the relative effectiveness of the different technological designs and different levels of driver responses. The results show that, while the speed management has effectively reduced the average speed of the traffic, their impact on vehicle emissions is complex. For the study network, the frequent acceleration and deceleration movements in the network has significantly reduced the effect of the reduced average speed on emission. The net results are that the active speed management has no significant impact on pollutant emissions. The study suggests that the analysis of the environmental impacts of any traffic management and control policies is a complex issue and requires detailed analysis of not only their impact on average speeds but also on other aspects of vehicle operation such as acceleration and deceleration.
本文探讨了主动速度管理对交通诱导排放的影响。具体而言，基于与微观交通仿真模型相结合的瞬时排放模型，对车辆加速和减速所产生的交通排放进行了建模。排放模型基于将车辆排放与车辆类型、瞬时速度和加速度相关联的经验测量数据。交通模型基于个体驾驶风格、车辆力学特性以及它们与网络中其他交通和交通控制的相互作用，捕捉道路网络中单个车辆逐秒的速度和加速度。该集成模型用于测试一种主动管理城市网络中车辆行驶速度的新技术。评估了它们对网络中车辆排放的影响，以表明不同技术设计和不同驾驶员反应水平的相对有效性。结果表明，虽然速度管理有效地降低了交通的平均速度，但其对车辆排放的影响是复杂的。对于研究网络，网络中频繁的加速和减速运动显著降低了平均速度降低对排放的影响。最终结果是，主动速度管理对污染物排放没有显著影响。该研究表明，对任何交通管理和控制政策的环境影响进行分析是一个复杂的问题，不仅需要详细分析其对平均速度的影响，还需要分析其对车辆运行其他方面（如加速和减速）的影响。
