Sandhu Sukhminder K, Priest Jeffrey W, Lammie Patrick J, Hubbard Alan, Colford John M, Eisenberg Joseph N S
Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
J Infect Dis. 2006 Nov 15;194(10):1428-37. doi: 10.1086/508194. Epub 2006 Oct 9.
Although the clinical severity of cryptosporidiosis is altered by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related immunosuppression, little is known about how risk for Cryptosporidium infection is altered by HIV.
A retrospective cohort study was conducted among 78 participants of the San Francisco Men's Health Study, using stored serological specimens from 8.5 years of follow-up. Cryptosporidium infection was defined as an antibody response to both the recombinant 27-kDa (r27) and native Triton-extracted 17-kDa (TX17) Cryptosporidium antigens.
Cryptosporidium infections were detected more frequently by assessment of antibody responses than by routine clinical follow-up (195 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 154-241] vs. 11 [95% CI, 3-30] infections/1000 person-years, respectively). HIV-positive individuals (59%) were more likely than HIV-negative individuals (30%) to have had at least 1 serologically defined infection (P = .028). The estimated infection rate was 230 (95% CI, 175-293) infections/1000 person-years and 140 (95% CI, 86-210) infections/1000 person-years for HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals, respectively. Median decay time to half-life ranged from 13.8 to 15.1 months.
Our study emphasizes that Cryptosporidium infections are common in this population. Although HIV status altered the risk of Cryptosporidium infection, further studies are needed to adequately examine the effect of CD4 cell count.
尽管隐孢子虫病的临床严重程度会因人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）相关的免疫抑制而改变，但对于HIV如何改变隐孢子虫感染风险却知之甚少。
对旧金山男性健康研究的78名参与者进行了一项回顾性队列研究，使用了8.5年随访期内储存的血清学标本。隐孢子虫感染被定义为对重组27 kDa（r27）和天然Triton提取的17 kDa（TX17）隐孢子虫抗原均产生抗体反应。
通过评估抗体反应检测到的隐孢子虫感染比常规临床随访更频繁（分别为195[95%置信区间{CI}，154 - 241]与11[95%CI，3 - 30]例感染/1000人年）。HIV阳性个体（59%）比HIV阴性个体（30%）更有可能至少有1次血清学定义的感染（P = 0.028）。HIV阳性和HIV阴性个体的估计感染率分别为230（95%CI，175 - 293）例感染/1000人年和140（95%CI，86 - 210）例感染/1000人年。半衰期的中位衰减时间为13.8至15.1个月。
我们的研究强调隐孢子虫感染在该人群中很常见。尽管HIV状态改变了隐孢子虫感染风险，但仍需要进一步研究以充分检验CD4细胞计数的影响。
