McLean M, Chipps D, Cheung N Wah
Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Diabet Med. 2006 Nov;23(11):1213-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2006.01979.x.
Type 2 diabetes is frequently familial. Hyperglycaemia in pregnancy might act in addition to genetic factors to cause diabetes in the children of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The first manifestation of this in female offspring is likely to be GDM in their own pregnancies. We compared the incidence of GDM in daughters of diabetic mothers and diabetic fathers to determine if in utero exposure to hyperglycaemia increased the risk of a diabetes-prone phenotype in offspring.
We analysed the outcome of a GDM screening programme in women with a family history of diabetes in their mother (n = 535), father (n = 566), both parents (n = 77) or neither (n = 4672).
GDM was twice as common in the daughters of diabetic mothers (11%) than diabetic fathers (5%, P = 0.002). Women with two diabetic parents were no more likely to have GDM than women with only a diabetic mother.
Genetic predisposition to GDM should be equally shared by daughters of diabetic mothers and fathers. An excess of maternal transmission of diabetes is consistent with an epigenetic effect of hyperglycaemia in pregnancy acting in addition to genetic factors to produce diabetes in the next generation.
2型糖尿病常具有家族性。孕期高血糖除遗传因素外，可能会导致妊娠糖尿病（GDM）母亲的子女患糖尿病。女性后代的这种情况最早可能表现为她们自己孕期患GDM。我们比较了糖尿病母亲和糖尿病父亲的女儿中GDM的发病率，以确定子宫内暴露于高血糖是否会增加后代患糖尿病倾向表型的风险。
我们分析了有糖尿病家族史的女性（母亲患糖尿病者n = 535例、父亲患糖尿病者n = 566例、父母均患糖尿病者n = 77例、父母均无糖尿病者n = 4672例）的GDM筛查项目结果。
糖尿病母亲的女儿患GDM的比例（11%）是糖尿病父亲的女儿（5%）的两倍（P = 0.002）。父母均患糖尿病的女性患GDM的可能性并不比只有母亲患糖尿病的女性更高。
糖尿病母亲和糖尿病父亲的女儿患GDM的遗传易感性应该是相同的。糖尿病的母系遗传过多与孕期高血糖的表观遗传效应一致，这种效应除遗传因素外，还会导致下一代患糖尿病。
