Hussein H S
Department of Animal Biotechnology, University of Nevada, Reno 89557, USA.
J Anim Sci. 2007 Mar;85(13 Suppl):E63-72. doi: 10.2527/jas.2006-421. Epub 2006 Oct 23.
During the past 23 yr, a large number of human illness outbreaks have been traced worldwide to consumption of undercooked ground beef and other beef products contaminated with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). Although several routes exist for human infection with STEC, beef remains a main source. Thus, beef cattle are considered reservoirs of O157 and nonO157 STEC. Because of the global nature of the food supply, safety concerns with beef will continue, and the challenges facing the beef industry will increase at the production and processing levels. To be prepared to address these concerns and challenges, it is critical to assess the beef cattle role in human infection with STEC. Because most STEC outbreaks in the United States were traced to beef containing E. coli O157:H7, the epidemiological studies have focused on the prevalence of this serotype in beef and beef cattle. Worldwide, however, additional STEC serotypes (e.g., members of the O26, O91, O103, O111, O118, O145, and O166 serogroups) have been isolated from beef and caused human illnesses ranging from bloody diarrhea and hemorrhagic colitis to the life-threatening hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). To provide a global assessment of the STEC problem, published reports on beef and beef cattle in the past 3 decades were evaluated. The prevalence rates of E. coli O157 ranged from 0.1 to 54.2% in ground beef, from 0.1 to 4.4% in sausage, from 1.1 to 36.0% in various retail cuts, and from 0.01 to 43.4% in whole carcasses. The corresponding prevalence rates of nonO157 STEC were 2.4 to 30.0%, 17.0 to 49.2%, 11.4 to 49.6%, and 1.7 to 58.0%, respectively. Of the 162 STEC serotypes isolated from beef products, 43 were detected in HUS patients and 36 are known to cause other human illnesses. With regard to beef cattle, the prevalence rates of E. coli O157 ranged from 0.3 to 19.7% in feedlots and from 0.7 to 27.3% on pasture. The corresponding prevalence rates of nonO157 STEC were 4.6 to 55.9% and 4.7 to 44.8%, respectively. Of the 373 STEC serotypes isolated from cattle feces or hides, 65 were detected in HUS patients and 62 are known to cause other human illnesses. The results indicated the prevalence of a large number of pathogenic STEC in beef and beef cattle at high rates and emphasized the critical need for control measures to assure beef safety.
在过去23年里，全球范围内大量人类疾病暴发事件被追溯到食用了未煮熟的碎牛肉和其他被产志贺毒素大肠杆菌（STEC）污染的牛肉制品。虽然人类感染STEC有多种途径，但牛肉仍是主要来源。因此，肉牛被认为是O157和非O157 STEC的宿主。由于食品供应的全球性，牛肉的安全问题将持续存在，牛肉行业在生产和加工层面面临的挑战也会增加。为了准备应对这些问题和挑战，评估肉牛在人类感染STEC中的作用至关重要。由于美国大多数STEC暴发事件都追溯到含有大肠杆菌O157:H7的牛肉，流行病学研究主要集中在这种血清型在牛肉和肉牛中的流行情况。然而在全球范围内，从牛肉中分离出了其他STEC血清型（如O26、O91、O103、O111、O118、O145和O166血清群的成员），这些血清型导致人类疾病，从血性腹泻、出血性结肠炎到危及生命的溶血尿毒综合征（HUS）。为了对STEC问题进行全球评估，对过去30年发表的关于牛肉和肉牛的报告进行了评估。大肠杆菌O157在碎牛肉中的流行率为0.1%至54.2%，在香肠中为0.1%至4.4%，在各种零售切块中为1.1%至36.0%，在整个胴体中为0.01%至43.4%。非O157 STEC的相应流行率分别为2.4%至30.0%、17.0%至49.2%、11.4%至49.6%和1.7%至58.0%。从牛肉制品中分离出的162种STEC血清型中，43种在HUS患者中被检测到，36种已知会导致其他人类疾病。关于肉牛，大肠杆菌O157在饲养场中的流行率为0.3%至19.7%，在牧场中为0.7%至27.3%。非O157 STEC的相应流行率分别为4.6%至55.9%和4.7%至44.8%。从牛粪便或牛皮中分离出的373种STEC血清型中，65种在HUS患者中被检测到，62种已知会导致其他人类疾病。结果表明大量致病性STEC在牛肉和肉牛中高流行率存在，并强调迫切需要采取控制措施以确保牛肉安全。
