Perkins H Wesley, Craig David W
Department of Anthropology and Sociology, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, USA.
J Stud Alcohol. 2006 Nov;67(6):880-9. doi: 10.15288/jsa.2006.67.880.
This study examines the impact of a social norms intervention to reduce alcohol misuse among student-athletes. The intervention was designed to reduce harmful misperceptions of peer norms and, in turn, reduce personal risk.
A comprehensive set of interventions communicating accurate local norms regarding alcohol use targeted student-athletes at an undergraduate college. An anonymous survey of all student-athletes was conducted annually for 3 years (2001: n = 414, 86% response; 2002: n = 373, 85% response; and 2003: n = 353, 79% response). A pre/post comparison of student-athletes was conducted separately for new and ongoing athletes at each time point to isolate any general time period effects from intervention effects. A cross-sectional analysis of student-athletes with varying degrees of program exposure was also performed.
The intervention substantially reduced misperceptions of frequent alcohol consumption and high-quantity social drinking as the norm among student-athlete peers. During this same time period, frequent personal consumption, high-quantity consumption, high estimated peak blood alcohol concentrations during social drinking, and negative consequences all declined by 30% or more among ongoing student-athletes after program exposure. In contrast, no significant differences across time were seen for new student-athletes each year with low program exposure. Among student-athletes with the highest level of program exposure, indications of personal misuse were at least 50% less likely on each measure when compared with student-athletes with the lowest level of program exposure.
This social norms intervention was highly effective in reducing alcohol misuse in this high-risk collegiate subpopulation by intensively delivering data-based messages about actual peer norms through multiple communication venues.
本研究探讨社会规范干预对减少学生运动员酒精滥用的影响。该干预旨在减少对同伴规范的有害误解，进而降低个人风险。
针对一所本科院校的学生运动员，开展了一系列全面的干预措施，传达关于酒精使用的准确当地规范。连续3年（2001年：n = 414，应答率86%；2002年：n = 373，应答率85%；2003年：n = 353，应答率79%）对所有学生运动员进行匿名调查。在每个时间点，分别对新运动员和现役运动员进行学生运动员的前后比较，以区分任何一般时间段效应和干预效应。还对不同程度接触该项目的学生运动员进行了横断面分析。
该干预措施大幅减少了学生运动员同伴中将频繁饮酒和大量社交饮酒视为常态的误解。在同一时期，现役学生运动员在接触该项目后，频繁个人饮酒、大量饮酒、社交饮酒时估计的血液酒精浓度峰值较高以及负面后果均下降了30%或更多。相比之下，每年接触该项目较少的新学生运动员在各时间点没有显著差异。在接触该项目程度最高的学生运动员中，与接触该项目程度最低的学生运动员相比，每项指标显示个人滥用酒精的可能性至少低50%。
通过多个传播渠道密集传递基于数据的关于实际同伴规范的信息，这种社会规范干预在减少这一高风险大学亚群体中的酒精滥用方面非常有效。
