Das Dilip, Baker Michael, Calder Lester
Department of Public Health, Wellington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Otago, Wellington.
N Z Med J. 2006 Oct 13;119(1243):U2249.
To describe the epidemiology of tuberculosis (TB) in New Zealand (NZ) for the 10-year period 1995-2004, and to place this in the context of long-term incidence trends.
We calculated TB incidence rates since the early 1920s using published data. A more detailed analysis examined TB notification and laboratory data for the period 1995 to 2004 using population denominator data from the 1996 and 2001 Census. We calculated incidence rates by age, sex, ethnicity, place of residence, country of birth, and deprivation for the two 5-year periods: 1995 to 1999 and 2000 to 2004. We also calculated and compared TB case fatality and mortality rates for those periods. We described outbreaks by using TB outbreak reporting data.
The long-term decline in TB incidence in NZ halted in the mid-1980s, and in the last two decades, annual rates have stabilised at around 10 cases per 100,000. The average rate for 1995-2004 period was 10.3 per 100,000. The TB incidence rate in NZ is higher than that in Australia, USA, and Canada, and slightly lower than that in the UK. Within NZ there are marked ethnic differences in rates, with age-standardised incidence rates 10.5, 22.3, and 36.5 times higher in Maori, Pacific peoples, and people of Other ethnicity respectively than the rate in Europeans. Rates generally increase with age. Approximately two-thirds (64.6%) of people with TB were born overseas. TB case fatality and mortality rates in NZ are declining and are comparable to those in Australia, Canada, USA, and the UK. Twenty-four TB outbreaks, including 221 cases, were reported between mid-1996 and 2004.
TB is not declining in NZ. The burden of disease is very unevenly distributed across the population with marked ethnic inequalities.
描述1995 - 2004年这10年间新西兰结核病的流行病学情况，并结合长期发病率趋势进行分析。
我们利用已发表的数据计算了自20世纪20年代初以来的结核病发病率。一项更详细的分析使用了1996年和2001年人口普查的人口分母数据，研究了1995年至2004年期间的结核病通报和实验室数据。我们计算了1995年至1999年以及2000年至2004年这两个5年期间按年龄、性别、种族、居住地点、出生国家和贫困程度划分的发病率。我们还计算并比较了这些时期的结核病病死率和死亡率。我们利用结核病疫情报告数据描述了疫情情况。
新西兰结核病发病率的长期下降在20世纪80年代中期停止，在过去二十年中，年发病率稳定在每10万人约10例。1995 - 2004年期间的平均发病率为每10万人10.3例。新西兰的结核病发病率高于澳大利亚、美国和加拿大，略低于英国。在新西兰内部，发病率存在显著的种族差异，毛利人、太平洋岛民和其他种族人群的年龄标准化发病率分别比欧洲人高10.5倍、22.3倍和36.5倍。发病率一般随年龄增长而上升。约三分之二（64.6%）的结核病患者出生在海外。新西兰的结核病病死率和死亡率正在下降，与澳大利亚、加拿大、美国和英国相当。1996年年中至2004年期间报告了24起结核病疫情，包括221例病例。
新西兰的结核病发病率没有下降。疾病负担在人群中分布极不均衡，存在明显的种族不平等。
