Burakov A V, Nadezhdina E S
Ontogenez. 2006 Sep-Oct;37(5):323-39.
A review of the role of the microtubule motor dynein and its cofactor dynactin in the formation of a radial system of microtubules in the interphase cells and of mitotic spindle. Deciphering of the structure, functions, and regulation of activity of dynein and dynactin promoted the understanding of mechanisms of cell and tissue morphogenesis, since it turned out that these cells help the cell in finding its center and organize microtubule-determined anisotropy of intracellular space. The structure of dynein and dynactin molecules has been considered, as well as possible pathways of regulation of the dynein activity and the role of dynein in transport of cell components along the microtubules. Attention has also been paid to the functions of dynein and dynactin not related directly to transport: their involvement in the formation of an interphase radial system of microtubules. This system can be formed by self-organization of microtubules and dynein-containing organelles or via organization of microtubules by the centrosome, whose functioning requires dynein. In addition, dynein and dynactin are responsible for cell polarization during its movement, as well as for the position of nucleus, centrosomes, and mitotic spindle in the cell.
对微管动力蛋白动力蛋白及其辅助因子动力肌动蛋白在间期细胞微管径向系统形成和有丝分裂纺锤体中的作用的综述。对动力蛋白和动力肌动蛋白的结构、功能及活性调节的解读促进了对细胞和组织形态发生机制的理解，因为事实证明这些蛋白有助于细胞找到其中心并组织由微管决定的细胞内空间各向异性。文中考虑了动力蛋白和动力肌动蛋白分子的结构，以及动力蛋白活性调节的可能途径和动力蛋白在沿微管运输细胞成分中的作用。还关注了动力蛋白和动力肌动蛋白与运输无直接关系的功能：它们参与间期微管径向系统的形成。该系统可通过微管和含动力蛋白的细胞器的自组织形成，或通过中心体对微管的组织形成，而中心体的功能需要动力蛋白。此外，动力蛋白和动力肌动蛋白在细胞运动过程中负责细胞极化，以及细胞核、中心体和有丝分裂纺锤体在细胞中的位置。
