Blumenberg Miroslav
Department of Dermatology, Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA.
OMICS. 2006 Fall;10(3):243-60. doi: 10.1089/omi.2006.10.243.
Because of its accessibility, skin has been among the first organs analyzed using DNA microarrays. Skin cancers, melanomas, and basal and squamous cell carcinomas have been intensely investigated because they are very frequent and can be fatal. Psoriasis, one of the most common human inflammatory diseases, has been studied comprehensively using DNA microarrays. In addition, epidermal keratinocytes have been the target of many studies because they respond to a rich variety of inflammatory and immunomodulating cytokines, hormones, vitamins, ultraviolet (UV) light, toxins, and physical injury. Because of the ethical considerations, the effects of harmful or dangerous agents on skin have been studied using artificial skin substitutes. Transcriptional mechanisms that regulate epidermal differentiation and cornification have begun to yield their mysteries, and very exciting recent studies identified the genes specifically expressed in epidermal stem cells. Thus, skin has everything: stem cells, differentiation, signaling, inflammation, diseases, and cancer. All these exciting facets of skin have been explored using DNA microarrays. Researchers in skin biology and dermatology were among the first to implement this technology and we expect that they will continue to generate exciting and useful new knowledge.
由于皮肤易于获取，它一直是最早使用DNA微阵列进行分析的器官之一。皮肤癌、黑色素瘤以及基底细胞癌和鳞状细胞癌受到了深入研究，因为它们非常常见且可能致命。银屑病是人类最常见的炎症性疾病之一，已使用DNA微阵列进行了全面研究。此外，表皮角质形成细胞一直是许多研究的对象，因为它们对多种炎症和免疫调节细胞因子、激素、维生素、紫外线（UV）、毒素和物理损伤都有反应。出于伦理考虑，已使用人工皮肤替代品研究有害或危险物质对皮肤的影响。调节表皮分化和角质化的转录机制已开始揭开其奥秘，最近非常令人兴奋的研究确定了在表皮干细胞中特异性表达的基因。因此，皮肤具备一切：干细胞、分化、信号传导、炎症、疾病和癌症。皮肤的所有这些令人兴奋的方面都已通过DNA微阵列进行了探索。皮肤生物学和皮肤病学领域的研究人员是最早采用这项技术的，我们预计他们将继续产生令人兴奋且有用的新知识。
