The R.O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, the NYU Cancer Institute, NYU Langone Medical Center, NYU School of Medicine, 455 First Avenue, P.H.B. Room 874, New York NY 10016, USA.
Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2013 Nov;13(8):885-94. doi: 10.1586/14737159.2013.846827.
Easily accessible, skin was among the first targets analyzed using 'omics' and dermatology embraced the approaches very early. Microarrays have been used to define disease markers, identify transcriptional changes and even trace the course of treatment. Melanoma and psoriasis have been explored using microarrays. Particularly noteworthy is the multinational mapping of psoriasis susceptibility loci. The transcriptional changes in psoriasis have been identified using hundreds of biopsies. Epidermal keratinocytes have been studied because they respond to UV light, infections, inflammatory and immunomodulating cytokines, toxins and so on. Epidermal differentiation genes are being characterized and are expressed in human epidermal stem cells. Exciting discoveries defining human skin microbiomes have opened a new field of research with great medical potential. Specific to dermatology, the non-invasive skin sampling for microarray studies, using tape stripping, has been developed; it promises to advance dermatology toward 'omics' techniques directly applicable to the personalized medicine of the future.
皮肤是易于获取的组织，很早就成为了‘组学’分析的首批目标之一，皮肤科也很早就开始采用这些方法。微阵列已被用于定义疾病标志物、识别转录变化，甚至追踪治疗过程。微阵列已被用于研究黑色素瘤和银屑病。特别值得注意的是，多国对银屑病易感性基因座进行了图谱绘制。使用数百个活检样本鉴定了银屑病中的转录变化。由于表皮角质形成细胞对紫外线、感染、炎症和免疫调节细胞因子、毒素等有反应，因此对其进行了研究。正在对表皮分化基因进行特征描述，并在人类表皮干细胞中表达。定义人类皮肤微生物组的令人兴奋的发现开辟了一个具有巨大医学潜力的新研究领域。就皮肤科而言，已经开发出了用于微阵列研究的非侵入性皮肤采样技术，即胶带剥离技术；它有望推动皮肤科向未来直接适用于个体化医疗的‘组学’技术发展。
