Vd'acný Peter, Hlúbiková Dasa, Tirjaková Eva
Department of Zoology, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina B-1, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia.
Eur J Protistol. 2006 Sep;42(3):175-89. doi: 10.1016/j.ejop.2006.02.002. Epub 2006 Jun 21.
The morphology and infraciliature of three soil gymnostome ciliates, Spathidium seppelti foissneri nov. subspec., Spathidium simplinucleatum nov. stat., and Dileptus americanus, collected from Slovakia, were investigated using live observation and protargol impregnation. S. seppelti foissneri is distinguished from its congeners by a combination of characters including: distinctly spatulate shape with convex oral bulge; 25 ellipsoidal, scattered macronuclear nodules; an average of 23 ciliary rows, 3 anteriorly differentiated to form a dorsal brush occupying 25% of the body length; and rod-shaped to slightly ellipsoidal extrusomes measuring about 5 x 0.5 microm. S. simplinucleatum is about 110 x 50 microm in vivo, characterized by solid, concave oral bulge, with the impression of doubled oral bulge in right side, macronuclear tortuous strand, usually 30 ciliary rows, 3 anteriorly differentiated to form a dorsal brush, and about 7 microm long rod-shaped extrusomes. S. simplinucleatum is highly variable in body size and length of monokinetidal bristle tail. Dileptus americanus is about 300 x 50 microm in vivo and differs from its congeners by a combination of characters including two macronuclear segments with a single micronucleus in between, two contractile vacuoles in dorsal side of trunk, two size types of rod-shaped extrusomes, a proboscis which occupies about 37% of body length, circular oral opening, and an average of 22 ciliary rows, of which up to 4 are differentiated to form a dorsal brush.
对从斯洛伐克采集的三种土壤裸口目纤毛虫——新亚种斯佩尔蒂勺状草履虫（Spathidium seppelti foissneri）、新状态单核草履虫（Spathidium simplinucleatum）和美州颈草履虫（Dileptus americanus）的形态和纤毛下器进行了活体观察和蛋白银染色研究。斯佩尔蒂勺状草履虫与其同属物种的区别在于以下特征组合：明显的勺状形态，具凸起的口部隆起；25个椭圆形、分散的大核结节；平均23列纤毛，其中3列在前端分化形成占体长25%的背刷；杆状至略呈椭圆形的射出体，大小约为5×0.5微米。单核草履虫活体时大小约为110×50微米，其特征为坚实、凹陷的口部隆起，右侧有双重口部隆起的印记，大核呈曲折的链状，通常有30列纤毛，其中3列在前端分化形成背刷，射出体长约7微米，呈杆状。单核草履虫的体型和单动基列刷毛尾的长度变化很大。美州颈草履虫活体时大小约为300×50微米，与其同属物种的区别在于以下特征组合：两个大核段，中间有一个小核；躯干背侧有两个伸缩泡；两种大小类型的杆状射出体；一个占体长约37%的吻；圆形的口开口；平均22列纤毛，其中多达4列分化形成背刷。
