Lavender Steven A, Conrad Karen M, Reichelt Paul A, Kohok Aniruddha K, Gacki-Smith Jessica
Department of Industrial Welding and Systems Engineering, The Ohio State University, 1971 Neil Avenue, Room 210, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
Appl Ergon. 2007 Sep;38(5):581-9. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2006.08.002. Epub 2006 Oct 27.
The objective of the current work was to test interventions aimed at reducing the low-back musculoskeletal loads experienced by firefighters/paramedics (FFPs) providing emergency medical services (EMS) that involve transferring a patient between a bed and a stairchair. The interventions, developed or selected using focus groups, were a prototype Drew People Movertrade mark, and a Transfer Sling. These interventions changed the coupling between the EMS worker and the patient. They were compared with an under-axilla lift. Eleven FFP teams transferred a 75kg dummy between a bed and a stairchair. Both interventions were tested using two-person transfers. In addition, the Transfer Sling was tested using a one-person transfer. Surface electromyographic (EMG) data were collected from 8 trunk muscles from each participant along with spine kinematic data. Additionally, ground reaction force data obtained from two forceplates were acquired for one member of each FFP team that was used to estimate directional spine moments using a 3D linked-segment model. In the two-person transfers, there was 19 degrees less trunk flexion (p=0.002) for the FFP on the patient's left side and a trend towards less motion for the FFP on the patient's right side (p=0.079) when using the interventions. Both FFPs showed reductions in the ipsilateral Erector Spinae activity using the Drew People Mover and the Transfer Sling that averaged approximately 9% MVC, which corresponds to a 21% decrease in the muscle activation levels. While the overall EMG was greater when performing a single-FFP transfer, the Transfer Sling reduced the bilateral Erector Spinae activity by approximately 20%. During the two-person transfers, the FFP on the forceplate to the right side of the patient showed a reduction in the forward bending moment using the Drew People Mover relative to the Sling and under-axilla conditions. During the single-person transfers, only the twisting moment was significantly reduced through use of the Transfer Sling. These objective measures, when combined with the subjective ratings of perceived exertion and the verbal feedback lead us to recommend the use of these interventions for bed to stairchair transfers.
当前工作的目标是测试旨在减轻消防员/护理人员（FFP）在提供紧急医疗服务（EMS）过程中所承受的下背部肌肉骨骼负荷的干预措施，这些服务包括在病床和楼梯椅之间转移患者。通过焦点小组开发或选择的干预措施包括一个原型Drew People Mover商标产品和一个转移吊带。这些干预措施改变了急救人员与患者之间的耦合方式。将它们与腋下抬起方法进行了比较。11个FFP团队在病床和楼梯椅之间转移了一个75千克的假人。两种干预措施都采用两人转移方式进行了测试。此外，转移吊带还采用单人转移方式进行了测试。从每个参与者的8块躯干肌肉收集了表面肌电图（EMG）数据以及脊柱运动学数据。此外，为每个FFP团队的一名成员获取了从两个测力板获得的地面反作用力数据，用于使用三维链接段模型估计脊柱方向力矩。在两人转移中，使用干预措施时，患者左侧的FFP躯干屈曲减少了19度（p = 0.002），患者右侧的FFP有运动减少的趋势（p = 0.079）。使用Drew People Mover和转移吊带时，两名FFP同侧竖脊肌活动均降低，平均约为最大自主收缩（MVC）的9%，这相当于肌肉激活水平降低了21%。虽然进行单人FFP转移时总体肌电图更大，但转移吊带使双侧竖脊肌活动减少了约20%。在两人转移过程中，相对于吊带和腋下抬起情况，使用Drew People Mover时，患者右侧测力板上的FFP向前弯曲力矩减小。在单人转移过程中，仅通过使用转移吊带，扭转力矩显著降低。这些客观测量结果，结合主观的用力感知评分和口头反馈，使我们建议在从病床到楼梯椅的转移中使用这些干预措施。
