Niide Mariko, Okubo Yukari, Irisawa Ryokichi, Tsuboi Ryoji
Department of Dermatology, Tokyo Medical University.
Arerugi. 2006 Oct;55(10):1327-36.
The clinical effects of second generation antihistamines on pruritus caused by various skin diseases were examined by keeping a daily record of their effects.
Five mg of olopatadine hydrochloride (Allerock) was administered to the subjects twice daily. The severity of the pruritus and the scratch scars were scored before, and then 2 weeks and 4 weeks after, commencement of treatment. The severity of the pruritus during the day and night was measured by using a visual analogue scale (VAS), and a daily 'itch score' was recorded in an 'itch diary.'
The itch scores for both day and night, as well as the scratching scores, the VAS values and the 'itch score,' significantly decreased after administration of olopatadine. The VAS value was significantly correlated with the itch scores and patient responses in the medical interview. Statistical analysis showed that there was a prompt alleviation of the pruritus in urticaria a day after administration, followed by asteatotic dermatitis and atopic dermatitis, in the order of improvement, within the next several days.
The VAS value for pruritus was highly correlated with the itch score, showing that the VAS value was suitable for evaluating daily changes in the severity of pruritus. These results suggest that second generation antihistamines like olopatadine hydrochloride, which showed a prompt response to histamine, are effective against pruritus in urticaria, and that continuous use of these antihistamines is effective against pruritus in other forms of skin disease, such as asteatotic dermatitis and atopic dermatitis in which other chemical mediators besides histamine may be the triggers for pruritus.
通过每日记录第二代抗组胺药的效果，来研究其对各种皮肤疾病引起的瘙痒的临床疗效。
给受试者每日两次服用5毫克盐酸奥洛他定（阿乐克）。在治疗开始前、治疗开始2周后和4周后，对瘙痒的严重程度和抓痕进行评分。使用视觉模拟评分法（VAS）测量白天和晚上瘙痒的严重程度，并在“瘙痒日记”中记录每日的“瘙痒评分”。
服用奥洛他定后，白天和晚上的瘙痒评分、抓挠评分、VAS值和“瘙痒评分”均显著降低。VAS值与瘙痒评分以及医学访谈中的患者反应显著相关。统计分析表明，给药一天后荨麻疹瘙痒迅速缓解，随后在接下来的几天内依次是乏脂性皮炎和特应性皮炎得到改善。
瘙痒的VAS值与瘙痒评分高度相关，表明VAS值适用于评估瘙痒严重程度的每日变化。这些结果表明，像盐酸奥洛他定这样对组胺反应迅速的第二代抗组胺药对荨麻疹瘙痒有效，并且持续使用这些抗组胺药对其他形式皮肤疾病的瘙痒有效，如乏脂性皮炎和特应性皮炎，其中除组胺外的其他化学介质可能是瘙痒的触发因素。
