Wang Di-xin, Zhu Xiao-li, Zhu Gui-zhen, DU Xu-qin
Department of Occupational Diseases and Clinical Toxicology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital University of Medical Sciences Beijing, 100020, China.
Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi. 2006 Aug;45(8):631-4.
To investigate the etiology and characteristics of rescue of acute chemical poisoning.
A total of 1692 cases of acute chemical poisoning were analyzed retrospectively. The kinds of chemicals, the modes of exposure, the characteristics of poisoning and the methods of treatment were analyzed.
Poisoning was due to occupational exposure to chemicals in 44.91%, daily life exposure to chemicals in 38.82% and environment chemical pollution in 16.25% of the cases. The total number of chemicals harming the patients was 173. The most common three of the chemicals were pesticides, harmful gases and organic solvents. Recently, the accidents of mass poisoning were increasing in number.
To know the numerous chemicals responsible for acute chemical poisoning is essential for enhancing the pre-hospital care, emergency treatment and follow-up treatment. Further more, extensive clinical knowledge and numerous biologic laboratory tests are need to improve the diagnosis and rescue of acute chemical poisoning. In cases of chemical emergency that involves mass exposure, the majority of the affected persons are likely to be exposed to the poisoning chemicals, though some are exposed minimally. Moreover, resources to provide psychological support must be available both for the family member of casualties and the affected personnel.
探讨急性化学中毒的病因及救治特点。
回顾性分析1692例急性化学中毒病例。分析化学物质种类、接触方式、中毒特点及治疗方法。
44.91%的病例中毒是由于职业性接触化学物质，38.82%是由于日常生活接触化学物质，16.25%是由于环境化学污染。危害患者的化学物质总数为173种。最常见的三种化学物质是农药、有害气体和有机溶剂。近年来，群体性中毒事故数量不断增加。
了解导致急性化学中毒的众多化学物质对于加强院前急救、急诊治疗及后续治疗至关重要。此外，需要广泛的临床知识和大量的生物学实验室检测来提高急性化学中毒的诊断和救治水平。在涉及群体暴露的化学紧急事件中，大多数受影响者可能接触到中毒化学物质，尽管有些接触程度较轻。而且，必须为伤亡人员的家属和受影响人员提供心理支持资源。
