Francis David O, Kaufman Robert, Yueh Bevan, Mock Charlie, Nathens Avery B
Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Laryngoscope. 2006 Nov;116(11):1966-72. doi: 10.1097/01.mlg.0000236080.63733.eb.
Although air bags have decreased the risk of serious injury from motor vehicle crashes, their deployment is not innocuous and can result in injury. The force of the deploying air bag can cause orbital blow-out fractures. We investigated the circumstances that predispose a crash occupant to this particular injury.
The authors conducted a case series.
A total of 150 orbital fractures occurred among 2,739 occupants in crashes included in the Crash Injury Research and Engineering Network (CIREN) database from January 1997 to July 2005. Ten orbital blow-out fractures attributed solely to air bag deployment were extracted and four reported in depth. Occupant, vehicle, and crash characteristics were reviewed for predisposing similarities and to investigate the mechanism of injury.
All crashes had air bag deployment and a frontal or near-frontal principle direction of force. Nine of 10 injured occupants were positioned within the air bag's deployment zone at the time of impact as a result of a forward seat track position, falling asleep at the wheel, being unrestrained, or having decelerated before impact. Six of 10 occupants experiencing orbital blow-out fractures were of shorter than average height. Based on rigorous crash reconstructions, the orbital blow-out injuries were felt to be causally related to air bag deployment.
Air bag deployment may result in orbital blow-out fractures. Occupants positioned in close proximity to the air bag during its deployment phase appear to be at increased risk for orbital blow-out fractures.
尽管安全气囊降低了机动车碰撞中严重受伤的风险，但其展开并非无害，可能导致受伤。展开的安全气囊产生的力量可导致眼眶爆裂性骨折。我们调查了使碰撞中的驾乘人员易受这种特定损伤的情况。
作者进行了一项病例系列研究。
在1997年1月至2005年7月纳入碰撞损伤研究与工程网络（CIREN）数据库的碰撞事故中，2739名驾乘人员共发生了150例眼眶骨折。提取了仅由安全气囊展开导致的10例眼眶爆裂性骨折，并深入报告了其中4例。回顾驾乘人员、车辆和碰撞特征，以找出易患因素的相似之处，并调查损伤机制。
所有碰撞事故均有安全气囊展开，且力的方向为正面或接近正面。10名受伤驾乘人员中有9名在碰撞时处于安全气囊展开区域内，原因包括前排座椅轨道位置靠前、在驾驶时睡着、未系安全带或在碰撞前减速。10名发生眼眶爆裂性骨折的驾乘人员中有6名身高低于平均水平。基于严格的碰撞事故重建，眼眶爆裂性损伤被认为与安全气囊展开有因果关系。
安全气囊展开可能导致眼眶爆裂性骨折。在安全气囊展开阶段靠近安全气囊的驾乘人员似乎发生眼眶爆裂性骨折的风险增加。
