Goubern M, Yazbeck J, Senault C, Portet R
Laboratoire d'Adaptation Energétique à l'Environnement, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Paris, France.
Arch Int Physiol Biochim. 1990 Aug;98(4):193-9. doi: 10.3109/13813459009113977.
The effects of essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency on energetic metabolism and interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity were examined in the cold acclimated rat. Weanling male Long-Evans rats were fed on a low fat semipurified diet (control diet, 2% sunflower oil; EFA deficient diet, 2% hydrogenated coconut oil) for 9 weeks. They were exposed at 5 degrees C for the last 5 weeks. In EFA deficient rats, compared to controls, growth retardation reached 22% at sacrifice. Caloric intake being the same in the two groups, it follows that food efficiency was decreased by 40%. Resting metabolism in relation to body surface area was 25% increased. Calorigenic effect of norepinephrine (NE) in vivo (test of non-shivering thermogenesis) underwent a marked decrease of 34%. BAT weight was 21% decreased but total and mitochondrial protein content showed no variation. A 26% increase in purine nucleotide binding per BAT (taken as an index of thermogenic activity) was observed, suggesting that the enhancement in resting metabolism observed was mainly due to increased BAT thermogenesis. However, BAT mitochondria respiratory studies which are more direct functional tests showed a marked impairment of maximal O2 consumption of about 30% with palmitoyl-carnitine or acetyl-carnitine (both in presence of malate) or with alpha-glycerophosphate as substrate. It is likely that this impaired maximal BAT oxidative capacity may explain the impaired NE calorigenic effect in vivo. A possible increase in mitochondrial basal permeability is also discussed.
在冷适应大鼠中研究了必需脂肪酸（EFA）缺乏对能量代谢和肩胛间棕色脂肪组织（BAT）活性的影响。将断乳雄性Long-Evans大鼠用低脂半纯化饮食（对照饮食，2%向日葵油；EFA缺乏饮食，2%氢化椰子油）喂养9周。在最后5周将它们暴露于5摄氏度环境中。与对照组相比，EFA缺乏大鼠在处死后生长迟缓达22%。两组热量摄入相同，因此食物效率降低了40%。相对于体表面积的静息代谢增加了25%。去甲肾上腺素（NE）在体内的产热作用（非颤抖产热测试）显著降低了34%。BAT重量降低了21%，但总蛋白和线粒体蛋白含量没有变化。观察到每克BAT中嘌呤核苷酸结合增加了26%（作为产热活性指标），这表明观察到的静息代谢增强主要是由于BAT产热增加。然而，BAT线粒体呼吸研究作为更直接的功能测试表明，以棕榈酰肉碱或乙酰肉碱（两者均在苹果酸存在下）或α-甘油磷酸作为底物时，最大耗氧量显著受损约30%。很可能这种受损的BAT最大氧化能力可以解释体内NE产热作用受损的原因。还讨论了线粒体基础通透性可能增加的情况。
