Reversal by 5-azacytidine of the S-adenosyl-L-methionine-induced inhibition of the development of putative preneoplastic foci in rat liver carcinogenesis.

The development of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT)-positive foci, in Wistar rats, initiated with diethylnitrosamine and subjected to selection according to 'resistant hepatocyte' protocol, was coupled, 7 weeks after initiation, with liver DNA hypomethylation and with a fall in S-adenosylmethionine/S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAM/SAH) ratio, and in 5-methylthio-adenosine (MTA) content. A 15-day treatment with SAM, started 1 week after selection, caused a dose-dependent decrease in the development of GGT-positive foci, recovery of liver SAM/SAH ratio and MTA level, and liver DNA methylation. A 12-day treatment with 20 mumol/kg per day of 5-azacytidine (AzaC), starting 1 week after selection, enhanced growth of GGT-positive foci, caused strong DNA hypomethylation, and partially counteracted the inhibition of GGT-positive foci growth, without affecting recovery of SAM/SAH ratio and MTA level, induced by SAM. These results suggest a role of DNA methylation in the antipromoting effect of SAM.