Thibaut Jean-Pierre, Gelaes Sabine
Language, Memoire et Developpment cognitif (LMDC) Laboratory, Universite de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2006 Nov;32(6):1403-15. doi: 10.1037/0278-7393.32.6.1403.
Brooks and colleagues (S. W. Allen & L. R. Brooks, 1991; G. Regehr & L. R. Brooks, 1993) have shown that the classification of transfer stimuli is influenced by their similarity to training stimuli, even when a perfect classification rule is available. It is argued that the original effect obtained by Brooks and colleagues might have resulted from two potential confounding variables. Once these confounds were controlled, the current authors did not replicate Brooks and colleagues' results in Experiment 1. Exemplar effects appeared in Experiment 2 when transfer stimuli were perceptually more similar to training stimuli than in Experiment 1. In Experiment 3, the authors obtained exemplar effects with separated stimuli, a finding that was not predicted by Brooks and colleagues' model. The authors suggest that a close perceptual match between training and transfer stimuli is necessary for the effect to occur, for both integrated and separated stimuli. The nature of this perceptual match, holistic or featural, is discussed.
布鲁克斯及其同事（S. W. 艾伦和L. R. 布鲁克斯，1991年；G. 雷赫尔和L. R. 布鲁克斯，1993年）已经表明，即使存在完美的分类规则，迁移刺激的分类也会受到其与训练刺激相似性的影响。有人认为，布鲁克斯及其同事最初得到的效应可能是由两个潜在的混淆变量导致的。一旦控制了这些混淆因素，在实验1中，当前的作者并没有重复布鲁克斯及其同事的结果。当迁移刺激在感知上比实验1中更类似于训练刺激时，范例效应出现在实验2中。在实验3中，作者使用分离的刺激获得了范例效应，这一发现是布鲁克斯及其同事的模型所没有预测到的。作者认为，对于整合刺激和分离刺激而言，训练刺激与迁移刺激之间在感知上的紧密匹配是该效应发生的必要条件。本文讨论了这种感知匹配的性质，即整体的还是特征性的。
