Murphy Gregory L
Department of Psychology, New York University, 6 Washington Place, 8th floor, New York, New York, 10003, USA.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2016 Aug;23(4):1035-42. doi: 10.3758/s13423-015-0834-3.
It is common to describe two main theories of concepts: prototype theories, which rely on some form of summary description of a category, and exemplar theories, which claim that concepts are represented as remembered category instances. This article reviews a number of important phenomena in the psychology of concepts, arguing that they have no proposed exemplar explanation. In some of these cases, it is difficult to see how an exemplar theory would be adequate. The article concludes that exemplars are certainly important in some categorization judgments and in category-learning experiments, but that there is no exemplar theory of human concepts in a broad sense.
原型理论，它依赖于对一个范畴的某种形式的概括描述；范例理论，它声称概念是以记忆中的范畴实例来表征的。本文回顾了概念心理学中的一些重要现象，认为它们没有被提出范例解释。在其中一些情况下，很难看出范例理论如何能足够充分。文章得出结论，范例在某些分类判断和范畴学习实验中肯定很重要，但从广义上讲，不存在关于人类概念的范例理论。
