LaPointe Dennis A, Goff M Lee, Atkinson Carter T
US. Geological Survey, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, P.O. Box 218, Hawai'i National Park, Hawai'i 96718, USA.
J Parasitol. 2005 Aug;91(4):843-9. doi: 10.1645/GE-3431.1.
To identify potential vectors of avian malaria in Hawaiian native forests, the innate susceptibility of Aedes albopictus, Wyeomyia mitchellii, and Culex quinquefasciatus from 3 geographical sites along an altitudinal gradient was evaluated using local isolates of Plasmodium relictum. Mosquitoes were dissected 5-8 and 9-13 days postinfective blood meal and microscopically examined for oocysts and salivary-gland sporozoites. Sporogony was completed in all 3 species, but prevalence between species varied significantly. Oocysts were detected in 1-2% and sporozoites in 1-7% of Aedes albopictus that fed on infected ducklings. Wyeomyia mitchellii was slightly more susceptible, with 7-19% and 7% infected with oocysts and sporozoites, respectively. In both species, the median oocyst number was 5 or below. This is only the second Wyeomyia species reported to support development of a malarial parasite. Conversely, Culex quinquefasciatus from all 3 sites proved very susceptible. Prevalence of oocysts and sporozoites consistently exceeded 70%, regardless of gametocytemia or origin of the P. relictum isolate. In trials for which a maximum 200 oocysts were recorded, the median number of oocysts ranged from 144 to 200. It was concluded that Culex quinquefasciatus is the primary vector of avian malaria in Hawai'i.
为了确定夏威夷原生森林中禽疟的潜在传播媒介，利用残疟原虫的本地分离株，对沿海拔梯度分布的3个地理地点的白纹伊蚊、米氏威氏蚊和致倦库蚊的先天易感性进行了评估。在感染性血餐后5 - 8天和9 - 13天解剖蚊子，并通过显微镜检查卵囊和唾液腺子孢子。所有3个物种均完成了孢子生殖，但不同物种之间的感染率差异显著。取食感染雏鸭的白纹伊蚊中，1% - 2%检测到卵囊，1% - 7%检测到子孢子。米氏威氏蚊的易感性略高，分别有7% - 19%和7%感染了卵囊和子孢子。在这两个物种中，卵囊数量的中位数均为5或更低。这是第二个被报道支持疟原虫发育的威氏蚊物种。相反，来自所有3个地点的致倦库蚊都被证明非常易感。无论配子虫血症或残疟原虫分离株的来源如何，卵囊和子孢子的感染率始终超过70%。在记录到最多200个卵囊的试验中，卵囊数量的中位数为144至200个。得出的结论是，致倦库蚊是夏威夷禽疟的主要传播媒介。
