Sarma S S S, Nandini S
Laboratory of Aquatic Zoology, Division of Research and Postgraduate Studies, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Los Reyes, Tlalnepantla, State of Mexico, Mexico.
J Environ Sci Health B. 2006;41(8):1417-30. doi: 10.1080/03601230600964316.
Cladocerans have been widely used as the bioassay organisms in evaluating the impact of different toxic substances. Literature survey during the last 10 years revealed that cladoceran ecotoxicological research has been in an exponential phase constituting nearly 10% of publications on this group. Many studies have considered typically planktonic taxa such as Daphnia magna, D. pulex, Moina macrocopa, M. micrura and Ceriodaphania dubia. Experimental data on toxicity tests, to a lesser extent, are also available for littoral-benthic genera such as Simocephalus, Macrothrix and Alona. Most toxicity tests are limited to the derivation of median lethal concentrations of various durations but mostly at 24 or 48 h. Studies related to the evaluation of changes in the life history variables of cladocerans as a result of sublethal exposure to toxic substances are not many, but gaining importance. The common toxic substances used in the cladoceran toxicity tests appear to be heavy metals, pesticides and a few natural toxins such as cyanotoxins. We review here the effect of different toxic substances on cladocerans based on both the field and the laboratory studies from an ecotoxicology point of view. Suggestions for the future cladoceran ecotoxicology are also commented on.
枝角类动物已被广泛用作生物测定生物，用于评估不同有毒物质的影响。过去10年的文献调查显示，枝角类动物的生态毒理学研究一直处于指数增长阶段，占该类群出版物的近10%。许多研究考虑了典型的浮游类群，如大型溞、蚤状溞、多刺裸腹溞、微型裸腹溞和 dubia 角突网纹溞。关于毒性测试的实验数据在一定程度上也适用于沿岸底栖类属，如网纹溞属、大剑水蚤属和薄皮溞属。大多数毒性测试仅限于得出不同暴露时长下的半数致死浓度，但大多是在24或48小时。关于评估枝角类动物因亚致死剂量接触有毒物质而导致的生活史变量变化的研究并不多，但正在变得越来越重要。枝角类动物毒性测试中常用的有毒物质似乎是重金属、农药和一些天然毒素，如蓝藻毒素。我们从生态毒理学的角度，基于野外和实验室研究，在此综述不同有毒物质对枝角类动物的影响。还对未来枝角类动物生态毒理学的建议进行了评论。
