Biek Roman, Ruth Toni K, Murphy Kerry M, Anderson Charles R, Johnson Mark, DeSimone Richard, Gray Rachel, Hornocker Maurice G, Gillin Colin M, Poss Mary
Wildlife Biology Program, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, USA.
J Wildl Dis. 2006 Jul;42(3):606-15. doi: 10.7589/0090-3558-42.3.606.
Serological and genetic material collected over 15 years (1990-2004) from 207 cougars (Puma concolor) in four populations in the Rocky Mountains were examined for evidence of current or prior exposure to feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), feline parvovirus (FPV), feline coronavirus (FCoV), feline calicivirus (FCV), canine distemper virus (CDV), feline herpesvirus (FHV), and Yersinia pestis. Serologic data were analyzed for annual variation in seroconversions to assess whether these pathogens are epidemic or endemic in cougars, and to determine whether family membership, age, sex, or location influence risk of exposure. FIV and FPV were clearly endemic in the studied populations, whereas exposure to FCoV, FCV, CDV, and Y. pestis was more sporadic. No evidence was found for FHV. Age was the most consistent predictor of increased exposure risk, often with no other important factors emerging. Evidence for transmission within family groups was limited to FIV and FCoV, whereas some indication for host sex affecting exposure probability was found for FIV and Y. pestis. Overall, cougar populations exhibited few differences in terms of pathogen presence and prevalence, suggesting the presence of similar risk factors throughout the study region.
对1990年至2004年15年间从落基山脉四个种群的207只美洲狮（美洲狮）收集的血清学和遗传物质进行了检测，以寻找当前或既往接触猫免疫缺陷病毒（FIV）、猫细小病毒（FPV）、猫冠状病毒（FCoV）、猫杯状病毒（FCV）、犬瘟热病毒（CDV）、猫疱疹病毒（FHV）和鼠疫耶尔森菌的证据。分析血清学数据中血清转化的年度变化，以评估这些病原体在美洲狮中是流行还是地方性流行，并确定家族成员、年龄、性别或地理位置是否会影响接触风险。FIV和FPV在所研究的种群中显然是地方性流行的，而接触FCoV、FCV、CDV和鼠疫耶尔森菌则较为零星。未发现FHV的证据。年龄是接触风险增加最一致的预测因素，通常没有其他重要因素出现。家族群体内传播的证据仅限于FIV和FCoV，而对于FIV和鼠疫耶尔森菌，发现了一些宿主性别影响接触概率的迹象。总体而言，美洲狮种群在病原体的存在和流行方面几乎没有差异，这表明整个研究区域存在类似的风险因素。
