Tacon Albert G J, Metian Marc
Aquatic Farms Ltd., Kaneohe, Hawaii, USA.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2008 Oct;1140:50-9. doi: 10.1196/annals.1454.003.
The ultimate objective of an aquaculture feed manufacturer and aquaculture food supplier is to ensure that the feed or food produced is both safe and wholesome. Reported food safety risks, which may be associated with the use of commercial animal feeds, including compound aquaculture feeds, usually result from the possible presence of unwanted contaminants, either within the feed ingredients used or from the external contamination of the finished feed on prolonged storage. The major animal feed contaminants that have been reported to date have included Salmonellae, mycotoxins, veterinary drug residues, persistent organic pollutants, agricultural and other chemicals (solvent residues, melamine), heavy metals (mercury, lead, cadmium) and excess mineral salts (hexavalent chromium, arsenic, selenium, flourine), and transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Apart from the direct negative effect of these possible contaminants on the health of the cultured target species, there is a risk that the feed contaminants may be passed along the food chain, via contaminated aquaculture produce, to consumers. In recent years, public concern regarding food safety has increased as a consequence of the increasing prevalence of antibiotic residues, persistent organic pollutants, and chemicals in farmed seafood. The important role played by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the Codex Alimentarius Commission in the development of international standards, guidelines, and recommendations to protect the health of consumers and ensure fair practices in the food trade is discussed.
水产养殖饲料制造商和水产养殖食品供应商的最终目标是确保所生产的饲料或食品既安全又有益健康。报告的食品安全风险，可能与商业动物饲料（包括复合水产养殖饲料）的使用有关，通常源于所用饲料成分中可能存在的有害污染物，或成品饲料在长期储存时受到的外部污染。迄今为止报告的主要动物饲料污染物包括沙门氏菌、霉菌毒素、兽药残留、持久性有机污染物、农业及其他化学品（溶剂残留、三聚氰胺）、重金属（汞、铅、镉）和过量的矿物盐（六价铬、砷、硒、氟），以及传染性海绵状脑病。除了这些可能的污染物对养殖目标物种健康的直接负面影响外，饲料污染物还可能通过受污染的水产养殖产品，沿着食物链传递给消费者。近年来，由于养殖海产品中抗生素残留、持久性有机污染物和化学品的日益普遍，公众对食品安全的关注度有所提高。本文讨论了联合国粮食及农业组织（FAO）和食品法典委员会在制定国际标准、准则和建议以保护消费者健康并确保食品贸易中的公平做法方面所发挥的重要作用。
