Kyriakides Leonidas, Kaloyirou Chrystalla, Lindsay Geoff
Department of Education, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.
Br J Educ Psychol. 2006 Dec;76(Pt 4):781-801. doi: 10.1348/000709905X53499.
Bullying is a problem in schools in many countries. There would be a benefit in the availability of a psychometrically sound instrument for its measurement, for use by teachers and researchers. The Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire has been used in a number of studies but comprehensive evidence on its validity is not available.
To examine the conceptual design, construct validity and reliability of the Revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (OBVQ) and to provide further evidence on the prevalence of different forms of bullying behaviour.
All 335 pupils (160 [47.8%] girls; 175 [52.2%]) boys, mean age 11.9 years [range 11.2-12.8 years]), in 21 classes of a stratified sample of 7 Greek Cypriot primary schools.
The OBVQ was administered to the sample. Separate scales were created comprising (a) the items of the questionnaire concerning the extent to which pupils are being victimized; and (b) those concerning the extent to which pupils express bullying behaviour. Using the Rasch model, both scales were analysed for reliability, fit to the model, meaning, and validity. Both scales were also analysed separately for each of two sample groups (i.e. boys and girls) to test their invariance.
Analysis of the data revealed that the instrument has satisfactory psychometric properties; namely, construct validity and reliability. The conceptual design of the instrument was also confirmed. The analysis leads also to suggestions for improving the targeting of items against student measures. Support was also provided for the relative prevalence of verbal, indirect and physical bullying. As in other countries, Cypriot boys used and experienced more bullying than girls, and boys used more physical and less indirect forms of bullying than girls.
The OBVQ is a psychometrically sound instrument that measures two separate aspects of bullying, and whose use is supported for international studies of bullying in different countries. However, improvements to the questionnaire were also identified to provide increased usefulness to teachers tackling this significant problem facing schools in many countries.
在许多国家，校园霸凌都是一个问题。若能有一个心理测量学上合理的工具供教师和研究人员用于测量霸凌，将会大有裨益。奥尔韦斯霸凌/受欺负问卷已在多项研究中使用，但关于其有效性的全面证据尚不具备。
检验修订后的奥尔韦斯霸凌/受欺负问卷（OBVQ）的概念设计、结构效度和信度，并为不同形式霸凌行为的普遍性提供进一步证据。
来自7所希腊裔塞浦路斯小学分层样本中的21个班级的所有335名学生（160名[47.8%]女生；175名[52.2%]男生），平均年龄11.9岁[范围11.2 - 12.8岁]）。
对样本进行OBVQ问卷调查。创建了单独的量表，包括（a）问卷中关于学生受欺负程度的项目；以及（b）关于学生表现出霸凌行为程度的项目。使用拉施模型，对两个量表的信度、与模型的拟合度、意义和效度进行分析。还分别对两个样本组（即男生和女生）的两个量表进行分析以检验其不变性。
数据分析表明该工具具有令人满意的心理测量学特性；即结构效度和信度。该工具的概念设计也得到了证实。分析还为改进针对学生测量项目的针对性提出了建议。还为言语、间接和身体霸凌的相对普遍性提供了支持。与其他国家一样，塞浦路斯男生比女生更多地实施和遭受霸凌，并且男生比女生更多地使用身体霸凌且较少使用间接霸凌形式。
OBVQ是一个心理测量学上合理的工具，可测量霸凌的两个不同方面，支持在不同国家进行国际霸凌研究时使用。然而，也确定了对问卷的改进，以提高其对处理许多国家学校面临的这一重大问题的教师的有用性。
