Gal Joseph
Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, USA.
Chirality. 2007 Feb;19(2):89-98. doi: 10.1002/chir.20314.
Enantiomorphism and enantiomorphous were the first enantio-based terms, introduced 150 years ago, by Carl Friedrich Naumann, a German crystallographer, to refer to non-superposable mirror-image crystals. The terminology was not adopted by Pasteur, the discoverer of molecular chirality, and was not embraced at first in the stereochemical context, until it was accepted in 1877 by Van't Hoff in the German edition of his proposal for the tetrahedral asymmetric carbon atom. In the 1890s the use of enantio terms began to spread in the research literature, and many new derivatives of Naumann's original two terms were subsequently introduced. Problems in the usage of some of the terms are often found in the literature, e.g., enantiomorphism is sometimes confused with chirality; enantiomeric is often misused; the meaning of some of the many derived terms, e.g., enantiosymmetric, enantioposition, etc., is unclear. All in all, Naumann should be remembered as the creator of essential terminology in the realm of chirality.
对映形态和对映体形态是最早基于对映体的术语，于150年前由德国晶体学家卡尔·弗里德里希·瑙曼提出，用于指代不可重叠的镜像晶体。分子手性的发现者巴斯德并未采用该术语，而且在立体化学语境中起初也未被接受，直到1877年范托夫在其关于四面体不对称碳原子的提议的德语文本中接受了它。在19世纪90年代，对映体术语的使用开始在研究文献中传播，随后又引入了瑙曼最初两个术语的许多新衍生词。文献中经常会发现一些术语使用上的问题，例如，对映形态有时会与手性混淆；对映体的用法经常被误用；许多衍生词（如对映体对称、对映体位置等）中的一些词的含义不明确。总而言之，瑙曼应被铭记为手性领域基本术语的创造者。
