Gielecki J, Zurada A, Osman N
Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
Folia Morphol (Warsz). 2008 May;67(2):87-97.
Professional terminology is commonplace, particularly in the fields of mathematics, medicine, veterinary and natural sciences. The use of the terminology can be international, as it is with Anatomical Terminology (AT). In the early age of modern education, anatomists adopted Latin as the international language for AT. However, at the end of the 20th century, the English language became more predominant around the world. It can be said that the AT is a specific collection of scientific terms. One of the major flaws in early AT was that body structures were described by varying names, while some of the terms was irrational in nature, and confusing. At this time, different international committees were working on preparing a unified final version of the AT, which in the end consisted of 5,640 terms (4,286 originally from the Basle Nomina Anatomica, BNA). Also, each country wanted to have its own nomenclature. In order to accomplish this, each country based their nomenclature on the international AT, and then translated it into their own language. The history of the Polish Anatomical Terminology (PAT) is unique, and follows the events of history. It was first published in 1898, at a time when its neighbours partitioned the territory of Poland. During 150 years, the Polish culture and language was under the Russification and Germanization policy. It is important to note, that even with such difficult circumstances, the PAT was the first national AT in the world. The PAT was a union of the accepted first BNA in Latin and the original Polish anatomical equivalents. This union formed the basis for theoretical and clinical medicine in Poland.
专业术语很常见，尤其是在数学、医学、兽医学和自然科学领域。术语的使用可以是国际性的，解剖学术语（AT）就是如此。在现代教育早期，解剖学家采用拉丁语作为解剖学术语的国际语言。然而，在20世纪末，英语在全球变得更加占主导地位。可以说，解剖学术语是科学术语的一个特定集合。早期解剖学术语的一个主要缺陷是，身体结构用不同的名称描述，而有些术语在本质上不合理且令人困惑。此时，不同的国际委员会致力于编写解剖学术语的统一最终版本，最终该版本包含5640个术语（最初有4286个来自巴塞尔解剖学名词，即BNA）。此外，每个国家都希望有自己的命名法。为了实现这一点，每个国家都以国际解剖学术语为基础制定自己的命名法，然后将其翻译成自己的语言。波兰解剖学术语（PAT）的历史很独特，它顺应了历史事件。它于1898年首次出版，当时其邻国瓜分了波兰的领土。在150年里，波兰文化和语言处于俄罗斯化和德国化政策之下。需要注意的是，即便在如此艰难的情况下，波兰解剖学术语仍是世界上第一个国家解剖学术语。波兰解剖学术语是已被接受的首个拉丁语版BNA与波兰语原始解剖学对应词的结合。这种结合构成了波兰理论医学和临床医学的基础。
