van der Heijden Marcel G A, Streitwolf-Engel Ruth, Riedl Ralph, Siegrist Sabine, Neudecker Angelica, Ineichen Kurt, Boller Thomas, Wiemken Andres, Sanders Ian R
Institute of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085; 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
New Phytol. 2006;172(4):739-52. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01862.x.
Previous studies have shown that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can influence plant diversity and ecosystem productivity. However, little is known about the effects of AMF and different AMF taxa on other important community properties such as nutrient acquisition, plant survival and soil structure. We established experimental grassland microcosms and tested the impact of AMF and of different AMF taxa on a number of grassland characteristics. We also tested whether plant species benefited from the same or different AMF taxa in subsequent growing seasons. AMF enhanced phosphorus acquisition, soil aggregation and survival of several plant species, but AMF did not increase total plant productivity. Moreover, AMF increased nitrogen acquisition by some plant species, but AMF had no effect on total N uptake by the plant community. Plant growth responses to AMF were temporally variable and some plant species obtained the highest biomass with different AMF in different years. Hence the results indicate that it may be beneficial for a plant to be colonized by different AMF taxa in different seasons. This study shows that AMF play a key role in grassland by improving plant nutrition and soil structure, and by regulating the make-up of the plant community.
以往的研究表明，丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）能够影响植物多样性和生态系统生产力。然而，对于AMF及不同的AMF分类群对其他重要群落特性（如养分获取、植物存活和土壤结构）的影响，我们却知之甚少。我们建立了实验性草地微观系统，测试了AMF及不同的AMF分类群对多种草地特征的影响。我们还测试了在后续生长季节中，植物物种从相同或不同的AMF分类群中是否受益。AMF提高了几种植物物种的磷获取量、土壤团聚性和存活率，但AMF并未提高植物的总生产力。此外，AMF增加了一些植物物种的氮获取量，但对植物群落的总氮吸收没有影响。植物对AMF的生长反应随时间变化，一些植物物种在不同年份与不同的AMF共生时获得了最高生物量。因此，结果表明，植物在不同季节被不同的AMF分类群定殖可能是有益的。本研究表明，AMF通过改善植物营养和土壤结构以及调节植物群落组成，在草地中发挥着关键作用。
