腰椎穿刺后头痛：诊断与处理
Post lumbar puncture headache: diagnosis and management.
作者信息
Ahmed S V, Jayawarna C, Jude E
机构信息
Tameside General Hospital, Fountain Street, Ashton Under-Lyne OL6 9RW, UK.
出版信息
Postgrad Med J. 2006 Nov;82(973):713-6. doi: 10.1136/pgmj.2006.044792.
Lumbar puncture is a frequently performed procedure in medical emergencies and anaesthesia. Headache after lumbar puncture is a common occurrence (32%) and carries a considerable morbidity, with symptoms lasting for several days, at times severe enough to immobilize the patient. If untreated, it can result in serious complications such as subdural haematoma and seizures, which could be fatal. Certain factors contribute to the development of headache after lumbar puncture. If these factors are taken into consideration, the incidence of headache could be markedly reduced. It is therefore important that the doctors are aware of the methods available for reducing the incidence of headaches after lumbar puncture. On the other hand, there are several misconceptions that are thought to decrease the incidence of headaches with no scientific basis. This article reviews the scientific literature and highlights the practical issues involved in the diagnosis and management of headaches after lumbar puncture, including the epidural blood patch treatment.
腰椎腰椎腰穿是医疗急救和麻醉中经常进行的操作。腰穿后头痛很常见（发生率为32%），且发病率相当高，症状可持续数天，有时严重到足以使患者无法活动。如果不治疗，可能会导致严重并发症，如硬膜下血肿和癫痫发作，甚至可能致命。某些因素会导致腰穿后头痛的发生。如果考虑到这些因素，头痛的发生率可能会显著降低。因此，医生了解降低腰穿后头痛发生率的可用方法非常重要。另一方面，有一些被认为可降低头痛发生率但没有科学依据的误解。本文回顾了科学文献，并强调了腰穿后头痛诊断和管理中涉及的实际问题，包括硬膜外血贴治疗。
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