Buscombe Richard, Greenlees Iain, Holder Tim, Thelwell Richard, Rimmer Matt
South East Essex College, Southend-on-Sea, UK.
J Sports Sci. 2006 Dec;24(12):1265-72. doi: 10.1080/02640410600598281.
In this study, we examined the impact of a male opponent's pre-match body language and clothing (general vs. sports-specific) on how his performances were judged by an observer. Forty male tennis players viewed videos of a male target tennis player warming up and then observed playing footage of the target. Each participant viewed the target player warming up displaying one of four combinations of body language and clothing (positive body language/tennis-specific clothing; positive body language/general sportswear; negative body language/tennis-specific clothing; negative body language/general sportswear). Participants rated the performance of the tennis player and gave their perceptions of the likely outcome of a tennis match with the target player. Analyses of variance indicated that clothing and body language had an interactive effect on both outcome expectations and ratings of performance. The findings support the contention that the initial impressions athletes form of their opponents can influence the way in which they judge the performances of opponents and their perceived likelihood of success against the same opponents.
在本研究中，我们考察了男性对手的赛前肢体语言和着装（普通装与运动专用装）对观察者如何评判其表现的影响。40名男性网球运动员观看了一名男性目标网球运动员热身的视频，然后观察了该目标球员的比赛录像。每位参与者观看目标球员热身时展示出的四种肢体语言和着装组合之一（积极的肢体语言/网球专用服装；积极的肢体语言/普通运动服；消极的肢体语言/网球专用服装；消极的肢体语言/普通运动服）。参与者对网球运动员的表现进行评分，并给出他们对与目标球员进行网球比赛可能结果的看法。方差分析表明，着装和肢体语言对结果预期和表现评分均有交互作用。研究结果支持了这样一种观点，即运动员对对手形成的初始印象会影响他们评判对手表现的方式以及他们认为与同一对手比赛取得成功的可能性。
