Crespo Miguel, Martínez-Gallego Rafael, Filipcic Ales
Development Department, International Tennis Federation, London, United Kingdom.
Department of Sport and Physical Education, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
Front Sports Act Living. 2024 Jul 17;6:1406846. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1406846. eCollection 2024.
The aim of this systematic review is to provide an evidence-based synthesis of the literature on the topic of technical and tactical competencies of tennis players and to answer the following research questions: (1) What is the state of the art of research on technical and tactical competencies (i.e., skills and knowledge) and tennis; (2) What are the most important topics related to technical and tactical competencies in tennis players.
Electronic searches were conducted in Web of Science, PubMED and SPORTDiscus (August to September 2023). This systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. To reduce risk, all published literature was searched and primary studies were included. The search terms included skills or competencies, match or play, player and tennis and excluded studies on non-competitive tennis players-notation analysis, AI method, systematic review and validation of tools.
Of the 390 publications found in these searches, 13 articles were considered relevant and included in this study. They were divided into three categories: (1) technical-tactical skills, (2) match situations and (3) match performance. There was clear evidence that there is a test instrument for analyzing tactical-technical skills that has sufficient reliability and validity and is of practical value to tennis coaches. The development of tactical-technical skills is influenced by method (variability between/within skills), conditions (court size, ball type) and areas of development (situational awareness, anticipation, decision making). There are differences in match and stroke performance between different quality groups (professionals, juniors), which can also be influenced by mental strength. For a comprehensive study of tennis players' abilities, the use of modern technologies is possible and necessary in the future. Future research should focus on the creation of competency models for the playing level of tennis players, which could include at least three key elements: (1) key competencies, (2) description of standards, (3) evidence.
本系统评价的目的是对有关网球运动员技术和战术能力这一主题的文献进行基于证据的综合分析，并回答以下研究问题：（1）网球技术和战术能力（即技能和知识）的研究现状如何；（2）与网球运动员技术和战术能力相关的最重要主题有哪些。
于2023年8月至9月在科学网、医学期刊数据库和体育数据库中进行了电子检索。本系统评价按照系统评价和Meta分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南进行。为降低风险，检索了所有已发表的文献并纳入了原始研究。检索词包括技能或能力、比赛或打法、运动员和网球，并排除了关于非竞技网球运动员的研究——符号分析、人工智能方法、工具的系统评价和验证。
在这些检索中找到的390篇出版物中，有13篇文章被认为相关并纳入本研究。它们分为三类：（1）技术 - 战术技能，（2）比赛情境，（3）比赛表现。有明确证据表明，存在一种用于分析战术 - 技术技能的测试工具，该工具具有足够的信度和效度，对网球教练具有实际价值。战术 - 技术技能的发展受方法（技能之间/技能内部的可变性）、条件（球场尺寸、球的类型）和发展领域（态势感知、预判、决策）的影响。不同水平组（职业选手、青少年选手）在比赛和击球表现上存在差异，这也可能受到心理力量的影响。为了全面研究网球运动员的能力，未来使用现代技术是可行且必要的。未来的研究应侧重于为网球运动员的比赛水平创建能力模型，该模型可能至少包括三个关键要素：（1）关键能力，（2）标准描述，（3）证据。
