Efficient quantitative morphological phenotyping of genetically altered organisms using stereology.

Genetically modified organisms present the challenge of quantifying structures and functions in organs, tissues and cells. Morphological investigation is greatly facilitated by taking sections in MRI, CAT scanning, histological preparations or EM, and powerful unbiased quantitative tools called stereology can use these sections in a sampling based approach to measure volume, number surface and length. Stereological tools have become methods of choice in the fields of neurobiology, nephrology and cell biology and allow accurate unbiased description of intact organs, tissues, cells and organelles. Stereology has yet to be applied widely in the field of transgenics. Here I provide an overview of stereological methods and explain how they represent a powerful addition to the transgenic biologists armoury of techniques.