Phalen Robert F, Oldham Michael J
Department of Community and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, North Campus, Irvine, CA 92697-1825, USA.
Clin Occup Environ Med. 2006;5(4):773-84. doi: 10.1016/j.coem.2006.07.004.
The concept of dose is fundamental to the discipline of toxicology. For inhaled particles, dose considerations include the sequential processes of inhalation, particle deposition, and particle clearance. Several important parameters modify each of these processes, including environmental, anatomic, and physiologic factors. When such factors are considered, it is possible to identify subpopulations and individuals who are likely to receive particle doses that greatly exceed those for the average population. Higher than average doses can be expected for people who are young, have certain acute or chronic lung diseases, are engaged in exercise, or are exposed in close proximity to sources of air pollutants. Although considerable research has improved the understanding of inhaled particle doses, much is still to be learned before high-risk groups and individuals can be protected properly.
剂量的概念是毒理学学科的基础。对于吸入颗粒物，剂量考量包括吸入、颗粒沉积和颗粒清除的连续过程。有几个重要参数会影响这些过程中的每一个，包括环境、解剖学和生理学因素。考虑到这些因素后，就有可能识别出可能接受远超普通人群颗粒剂量的亚群体和个体。年轻人、患有某些急性或慢性肺部疾病的人、从事运动的人或在靠近空气污染源处暴露的人，预计会接受高于平均水平的剂量。尽管大量研究增进了我们对吸入颗粒剂量的理解，但在能够妥善保护高危群体和个体之前，仍有许多需要了解的地方。
