Greve Andrea, van Rossum Mark C W, Donaldson David I
Neuroinformatics, University of Edinburgh, 5 Forrest Hill, Edinburgh, EH1 2QL, Scotland, UK.
Neuroimage. 2007 Jan 15;34(2):801-14. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.07.043. Epub 2006 Nov 15.
Throughout our lives we acquire general knowledge about the world (semantic memory) while also retaining memories of specific events (episodic memory). Although these two forms of memory have been dissociated on the basis of neuropsychological data, it is clear that they typically function together during normal cognition. The goal of the present study was to investigate this interaction. One influence of semantic memory on episodic retrieval is 'Levels Of Processing'; recognition is enhanced when stimuli are processed in a semantically meaningful way. Studies examining this semantic processing advantage have largely concluded that semantic memory augments episodic retrieval primarily by enhancing recollection. The present study provides strong evidence for an alternative relationship between semantic and episodic memory. We employed a manipulation of the semantic coherence of to-be-remembered information (semantically related vs. unrelated word pairs) during an associative recognition memory test. Results revealed that associative recognition is significantly enhanced for semantically coherent material, and behavioral estimates (using the process dissociation procedure) demonstrated concomitant changes in the contribution of familiarity to retrieval. Neuroimaging data (event-related potentials recorded at test) also revealed a significant increase in familiarity based retrieval. The electrophysiological correlate of familiarity (the mid-frontal ERP old/new effect) was larger for semantically related compared to unrelated word pairs, but no difference was present in the electrophysiological correlate of recollection (the left parietal old/new effect). We conclude that semantic memory and episodic memory do indeed interact in normal functioning, and not only by modulating recollection, but also by enhancing familiarity.
在我们的一生中，我们会获取关于世界的一般知识（语义记忆），同时也会保留特定事件的记忆（情景记忆）。尽管这两种记忆形式已根据神经心理学数据区分开来，但很明显，它们在正常认知过程中通常共同发挥作用。本研究的目的是调查这种相互作用。语义记忆对情景检索的一种影响是“加工水平”；当刺激以语义有意义的方式进行加工时，识别会得到增强。研究这种语义加工优势的研究大多得出结论，语义记忆主要通过增强回忆来增强情景检索。本研究为语义记忆和情景记忆之间的另一种关系提供了有力证据。在联想识别记忆测试中，我们对要记忆的信息的语义连贯性（语义相关与不相关的词对）进行了操纵。结果显示，对于语义连贯的材料，联想识别显著增强，行为估计（使用过程分离程序）表明熟悉性对检索的贡献也随之发生变化。神经成像数据（测试时记录的事件相关电位）也显示基于熟悉性的检索显著增加。与不相关词对相比，语义相关词对的熟悉性电生理相关指标（额中ERP新旧效应）更大，但回忆的电生理相关指标（左顶叶新旧效应）没有差异。我们得出结论，语义记忆和情景记忆在正常功能中确实相互作用，不仅通过调节回忆，还通过增强熟悉性。
