Larqué Elvira, Sabater-Molina María, Zamora Salvador
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
Nutrition. 2007 Jan;23(1):87-95. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2006.09.006. Epub 2006 Nov 20.
Polyamines are classically known by their names of putrescine, spermine, and spermidine. They are synthesized endogenously from ornithine and are interconvertible. In addition, an exogenous supply of polyamines is provided by dietary intake and by intestinal absorption from the products of bacterial metabolism. Polyamine uptake occurs almost entirely in the gut, and afterward the various forms are metabolized in different tissues under the strict regulation of ornithine decarboxylase, which is the first enzyme involved in their synthesis. Polyamines are eliminated from the organism by means of oxidation reactions, appearing in urine in all their metabolic forms. Polyamines play an important role in regulating cell growth and proliferation, the stabilization of negative charges of DNA, RNA transcription, protein synthesis, apoptosis, and the regulation of the immune response. They are components of breast milk and might be important in neonatal gut maturation, for which reason the possible supplementation of infant formulas with these compounds is under study.
多胺通常以腐胺、精胺和亚精胺的名称为人所知。它们由鸟氨酸内源性合成且可相互转化。此外，饮食摄入以及肠道从细菌代谢产物的吸收提供了多胺的外源性供应。多胺的摄取几乎完全发生在肠道，之后各种形式的多胺在鸟氨酸脱羧酶的严格调控下在不同组织中代谢，鸟氨酸脱羧酶是其合成过程中涉及的第一种酶。多胺通过氧化反应从生物体中消除，以其所有代谢形式出现在尿液中。多胺在调节细胞生长和增殖、DNA负电荷的稳定、RNA转录、蛋白质合成、细胞凋亡以及免疫反应的调节中发挥重要作用。它们是母乳的成分，可能对新生儿肠道成熟很重要，因此正在研究在婴儿配方奶粉中添加这些化合物的可能性。
