Bloom Joan R, Stewart Susan L, Oakley Girvan Ingrid, Banks Priscilla Jane, Chang Subo
University of California, School of Public Health, 409 Warren Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-7360.
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2006 Nov;15(11):2167-73. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-05-0738.
Many African American men have two major risk factors for prostate cancer. By ethnicity alone, they have twice the risk of Euro-American men of developing prostate cancer. Having a family history (brother or father with prostate cancer) also doubles their risk. The major hypotheses tested in this study are that men with a family history perceive their risk to be higher, are more worried about getting prostate cancer, and are more likely to have used cancer screening tests than men without such a history.
A sample of 208 African American men, ages 40 to 74 years, were recruited through relatives or friends whose prostate cancer diagnosis was reported to the California Cancer Registry during the years 1997 to 2001 and from churches and African American social groups. Following a screening interview to determine eligibility, 88 men with self-reported, first-degree family history of prostate cancer and 120 without such history were interviewed by telephone. Logistic regression was used to create models of perceived risk, prostate cancer worries, receipt of a digital rectal exam, and/or prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing.
Men with a self-reported family history of prostate cancer did not perceive their risk as higher than men without a family history, nor did they report more cancer worries. They were more likely to report having a recent PSA test, but not a digital rectal exam. Having a higher than average perceived risk was associated with younger age, a college education, and lower mental well-being, and reporting more prostate cancer worries and being more likely to have had a recent PSA test.
Although there continues to be controversy about PSA testing, these data suggest that African American men at above-average risk are inclined to be screened.
许多非裔美国男性有患前列腺癌的两大主要风险因素。仅从种族来看，他们患前列腺癌的风险是欧美男性的两倍。有家族病史（兄弟或父亲患有前列腺癌）也会使他们的风险翻倍。本研究检验的主要假设是，有家族病史的男性比没有家族病史的男性认为自己的风险更高，更担心患前列腺癌，并且更有可能进行癌症筛查测试。
通过亲属或朋友招募了208名年龄在40至74岁之间的非裔美国男性，这些亲属或朋友的前列腺癌诊断在1997年至2001年期间被报告给加利福尼亚癌症登记处，同时还从教堂和非裔美国社会群体中招募。在进行筛选访谈以确定资格后，对88名自我报告有前列腺癌一级家族病史的男性和120名没有这种病史的男性进行了电话访谈。使用逻辑回归来建立感知风险、前列腺癌担忧、接受直肠指检和/或前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）检测的模型。
自我报告有前列腺癌家族病史的男性并不认为自己的风险比没有家族病史的男性更高，他们也没有报告更多的癌症担忧。他们更有可能报告最近进行了PSA检测，但没有进行直肠指检。感知风险高于平均水平与年龄较小、受过大学教育、心理健康状况较差有关，也与报告更多的前列腺癌担忧以及更有可能最近进行了PSA检测有关。
尽管关于PSA检测仍存在争议，但这些数据表明，风险高于平均水平的非裔美国男性倾向于接受筛查。
