McGuine Tim
UW Health Sports Medicine Center, Madison, WI 53711, USA.
Clin J Sport Med. 2006 Nov;16(6):488-99. doi: 10.1097/01.jsm.0000248848.62368.43.
The objective of this review is to identify the available research regarding the risk factors and prevention of injuries in high school athletes (ages 14 to 18 years).
Relevant manuscripts were identified by searching six electronic databases with a combination of key words and medical subject headings (high school, adolescent, athletic injury, sports injury, risk factors, prevention, and prospective).
Original research that reported prospective data on high school athletes (ages 14 to 18), reported injury and exposure data, and used data collected throughout the entire sport season or school year.
Twenty-nine studies that identified injury risk factors or injury prevention strategies were reviewed and summarized. Data extracted from the studies included a) sport(s) or injuries studied, b) year of publication, c) lead author, d) description of the subjects, e) sample-size calculation, f) variables studied (baseline demographic or performance variables), g) whether multivariate analyses were used, h) data reported (injury rates, risk ratios, and 95% CI), and i) results. Studies that introduced an intervention were characterized by the same data as well as the type of intervention employed and randomization procedures used.
The quality of each injury-risk and injury-prevention study was assessed, and the results were summarized.
The risk factors for injury in several specific sports such as soccer, American football, and basketball have been documented. Other sports are less well represented in the current literature. The risk factors for injuries to the ankle, head, and knee have been identified, to a limited degree. Upper-extremity injury risk factors are less well known. There is a need for high-quality prospective studies to further identify injury risk factors and injury-prevention strategies for high school athletes.
本综述的目的是识别关于高中运动员（14至18岁）受伤风险因素及预防的现有研究。
通过结合关键词和医学主题词（高中、青少年、运动损伤、体育伤害、风险因素、预防、前瞻性）搜索六个电子数据库来识别相关手稿。
报告高中运动员（14至18岁）前瞻性数据、报告损伤和暴露数据，并使用整个运动赛季或学年收集的数据的原始研究。
对确定损伤风险因素或损伤预防策略的29项研究进行了综述和总结。从研究中提取的数据包括：a）所研究的运动或损伤，b）出版年份，c）第一作者，d）受试者描述，e）样本量计算，f）所研究的变量（基线人口统计学或表现变量），g）是否使用多变量分析，h）报告的数据（损伤率、风险比和95%置信区间），以及i）结果。引入干预措施的研究还以相同的数据以及所采用的干预类型和随机化程序为特征。
评估每项损伤风险和损伤预防研究的质量，并总结结果。
已记录了足球、美式橄榄球和篮球等几种特定运动中的损伤风险因素。其他运动在当前文献中的代表性较差。已在一定程度上确定了脚踝、头部和膝盖受伤的风险因素。上肢损伤风险因素鲜为人知。需要高质量的前瞻性研究来进一步确定高中运动员的损伤风险因素和损伤预防策略。
