Lawson Rebecca, Bertamini Marco
School of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Eleanor Rathbone Building, Bedford Street South, Liverpool L69 7ZA, UK.
Perception. 2006;35(9):1265-88. doi: 10.1068/p5498.
We investigated people's perception and knowledge of planar mirror reflections. People were accurate at deciding when they could first see their reflection as they approached a mirror from the side, but only if their reflection was visible. Most people stopped too early if the mirror was covered up. People also overestimated the size of the reflection of their face on the surface of a mirror if they were shown a covered mirror. Their accuracy improved somewhat if their reflection was visible but, unlike the first task, they still made striking errors. Perceptual feedback thus improved performance at predicting the behaviour of mirror reflections in both tasks but failed to eliminate errors in the second task. The overestimation of reflection size was not face-specific as it generalised to novel stimuli (paper ellipses) and it was found with both a matching response and for verbal size estimations. The early error in the first task appears to be due to an inaccurate belief that can be overridden by perceptual feedback. The overestimation in the second task is primarily caused by a powerful size-constancy effect.
我们研究了人们对平面镜反射的感知和认识。当人们从侧面靠近镜子时，在能够首次看到自己的反射影像时，他们的判断是准确的，但前提是他们的反射影像是可见的。如果镜子被遮住，大多数人会过早停下。当向人们展示一面被遮住的镜子时，他们还会高估自己脸部在镜子表面反射影像的大小。如果他们的反射影像可见，其准确性会有所提高，但与第一个任务不同的是，他们仍然会出现明显的错误。因此，感知反馈在两个任务中都提高了预测镜子反射行为的表现，但未能消除第二个任务中的错误。对反射影像大小的高估并非特定于面部，因为它会推广到新的刺激物（纸质椭圆），并且在匹配反应和口头大小估计中都能发现。第一个任务中的早期错误似乎是由于一种不准确的信念，这种信念可以被感知反馈所推翻。第二个任务中的高估主要是由强大的大小恒常效应引起的。
