McCann Michael
The Center to Protect Workers' Rights, 8484 Georgia Avenue, Ste. 1000, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.
J Safety Res. 2006;37(5):511-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2006.08.005. Epub 2006 Nov 28.
Contact with objects and equipment is the third leading cause of death in construction. This study examines heavy equipment- and truck-related deaths in the excavation work industry in construction.
The Bureau of Labor Statistics Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries identified 253 heavy equipment related deaths on construction sites in the Excavation Work industry for the years 1992-2002.
Heavy equipment operators and construction laborers made up 63% of the heavy equipment- and truck-related deaths. Backhoes and trucks were involved in half the deaths. Rollovers were the main cause of death of heavy equipment operators. For workers on foot and maintenance workers, being struck by heavy equipment or trucks (especially while backing up for workers on foot), and being struck by equipment loads or parts were the major causes of death.
Ensuring adequate rollover protective structures for heavy equipment, requiring fastening of seat belts, adoption of a lock-out/tagout standard, establishing restricted access zones around heavy equipment, and requiring spotters for workers who must be near heavy equipment or trucks would reduce the risk of heavy equipment- and truck-related deaths in construction.
Safety of heavy equipment operators in particular is a major concern in excavation that needs to be addressed.
接触物体和设备是建筑行业第三大死亡原因。本研究调查了建筑行业挖掘工作中与重型设备和卡车相关的死亡情况。
美国劳工统计局致命职业伤害普查确定了1992年至2002年期间挖掘工作行业建筑工地上253起与重型设备相关的死亡事件。
重型设备操作员和建筑工人占与重型设备和卡车相关死亡人数的63%。反铲挖掘机和卡车涉及一半的死亡事件。翻车是重型设备操作员死亡的主要原因。对于步行的工人和维修工人来说，被重型设备或卡车撞到（特别是卡车倒车时撞到步行的工人）以及被设备装载物或部件撞到是主要死亡原因。
为重型设备确保足够的翻车保护结构、要求系安全带、采用锁定/挂牌标准、在重型设备周围设立限制进入区域以及要求为必须靠近重型设备或卡车的工人配备现场观察员，将降低建筑行业中与重型设备和卡车相关的死亡风险。
特别是重型设备操作员的安全是挖掘工作中需要解决的一个主要问题。
