Biederer J, Plathow C, Schoebinger M, Tetzlaff R, Puderbach M, Bolte H, Zaporozhan J, Meinzer H-P, Heller M, Kauczor H-U
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel.
Rofo. 2006 Nov;178(11):1067-72. doi: 10.1055/s-2006-927149.
To develop a model for exactly reproducible respiration motion simulations of animal lung explants inside an MR-compatible chest phantom.
The materials included a piston pump and a flexible silicone reconstruction of a porcine diaphragm and were used in combination with an established MR-compatible chest phantom for porcine heart-lung preparations. The rhythmic inflation and deflation of the diaphragm at the bottom of the artificial thorax with water (1 - 1.5 L) induced lung tissue displacement resembling diaphragmatic breathing. This system was tested on five porcine heart-lung preparations using 1.5T MRI with transverse and coronal 3D-GRE (TR/TE = 3.63/1.58, 256 x 256 matrix, 350 mm FOV, 4 mm slices) and half Fourier T2-FSE (TR/TE = 545/29, 256 x 192, 350 mm, 6 mm) as well as multiple row detector CT (16 x 1 mm collimation, pitch 1.5, FOV 400 mm, 120 mAs) acquired at five fixed inspiration levels. Dynamic CT scans and coronal MRI with dynamic 2D-GRE and 2D-SS-GRE sequences (image frequencies of 10/sec and 3/sec, respectively) were acquired during continuous "breathing" (7/minute). The position of the piston pump was visually correlated with the respiratory motion visible through the transparent wall of the phantom and with dynamic displays of CT and MR images. An elastic body splines analysis of the respiratory motion was performed using CT data.
Visual evaluation of MRI and CT showed three-dimensional movement of the lung tissue throughout the respiration cycle. Local tissue displacement inside the lung explants was documented with motion maps calculated from CT. The maximum displacement at the top of the diaphragm (mean 26.26 [SD 1.9] mm on CT and 27.16 [SD 1.5] mm on MRI, respectively [p = 0.25; Wilcoxon test]) was in the range of tidal breathing in human patients.
The chest phantom with a diaphragmatic pump is a promising platform for multi-modality imaging studies of the effects of respiratory lung motion.
开发一种模型，用于在与磁共振兼容的胸部体模内对动物肺外植体进行精确可重复的呼吸运动模拟。
材料包括一个活塞泵和一个猪膈肌的柔性硅胶重建模型，并与一个用于猪心肺标本的已建立的与磁共振兼容的胸部体模结合使用。通过向人工胸腔底部注入1 - 1.5升水，使膈肌有节奏地膨胀和收缩，从而引起类似膈肌呼吸的肺组织位移。该系统在五个猪心肺标本上进行了测试，使用1.5T磁共振成像，采用横轴位和冠状位3D - GRE序列（TR/TE = 3.63/1.58，矩阵256×256，视野350 mm，层厚4 mm）和半傅里叶T2 - FSE序列（TR/TE = 545/29，256×192，350 mm，层厚6 mm），以及在五个固定吸气水平采集的多排探测器CT（准直16×1 mm，螺距1.5，视野400 mm，管电流120 mAs）。在连续“呼吸”（每分钟7次）过程中，采集动态CT扫描以及采用动态二维GRE和二维SS - GRE序列（图像频率分别为10/秒和3/秒）的冠状位磁共振成像。通过体模透明壁观察到的呼吸运动以及CT和磁共振图像的动态显示，在视觉上与活塞泵的位置相关。利用CT数据对呼吸运动进行弹性体样条分析。
磁共振成像和CT的视觉评估显示，在整个呼吸周期中肺组织有三维运动。通过CT计算的运动图记录了肺外植体内的局部组织位移。膈肌顶部的最大位移（CT上平均为26.26 [标准差1.9] mm，磁共振成像上平均为27.16 [标准差1.5] mm [p = 0.25；威尔科克森检验]）在人类患者潮式呼吸范围内。
带有膈肌泵的胸部体模是用于呼吸性肺运动影响的多模态成像研究的一个有前景的平台。
