Modrzejewska Monika
Katedra i Klinika Okulistyki Pomorskiej Akademii Medycznej al. Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin.
Ann Acad Med Stetin. 2006;52(1):73-8; discussion 78.
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is an ophthalmologic condition which may lead to blindness if compounded by other risk factors. Since many years, ROP is among the main causes of impaired visual acuity and blindness in Polish children. Therefore, the understanding of this disease, progress in diagnostics, and improved methods of treatment will contribute to a better prognosis in ROP. Nowadays, diode laser photocoagulation and cryotherapy are modalities used in ophthalmology centers at specific clinical stages of ROP. When performed at the right time, these procedures offer promising results in the re-attachment of the retina and restoration of vision. Interventions for the most advanced vaso-retinal changes are rare because of a poor outcome. Early detection of vascular and retinal changes during ROP is burdened by some technical difficulties. Therefore, classification of findings in ROP should be done by ophthalmologists specialized in this area. The role of the neonatologist is also important, particularly when it comes to awareness of the parents as to the treatment needed by their prematurely born child. Laser photocoagulation, cryotherapy, and surgery undertaken in ROP may lead to ophthalmologic complications, with refraction errors and eyeball mobility disorders being the most common. Consequently, it is important for the child to undergo regular ophthalmologic examinations.
早产儿视网膜病变（ROP）是一种眼科疾病，如果合并其他危险因素可能导致失明。多年来，ROP一直是波兰儿童视力受损和失明的主要原因之一。因此，对这种疾病的了解、诊断的进展以及改进的治疗方法将有助于改善ROP的预后。如今，二极管激光光凝术和冷冻疗法是眼科中心在ROP特定临床阶段使用的治疗方式。如果在合适的时间进行，这些手术在视网膜复位和视力恢复方面能取得不错的效果。由于预后不佳，针对最晚期血管性视网膜病变的干预措施很少。ROP期间血管和视网膜变化的早期检测存在一些技术难题。因此，ROP的检查结果分类应由该领域的专业眼科医生进行。新生儿科医生的作用也很重要，尤其是在让父母了解其早产孩子所需治疗方面。ROP中进行的激光光凝术、冷冻疗法和手术可能会导致眼科并发症，其中屈光不正和眼球活动障碍最为常见。因此，让孩子定期进行眼科检查很重要。
