High-conductance anion channels in embryonic chick osteogenic cells.

Patch-clamp measurements done on excised membrane patches obtained from 1-5 day cultured embryonic chick osteoblasts, osteocytes, and periosteal fibroblasts revealed the existence of a high-conductance anion channel: 371 +/- 63 pS when measured under symmetrical 158 mM Cl- conditions. The channel frequently displayed subconductance levels. The ion selectivity of the channel expressed as the (an)ion to chloride permeability ratio was as follows: Cl- (1.0) greater than methylsulfate- (0.71) greater than gluconate- (0.25) greater than glutamate- (0.17) greater than Na+ = K+ (0.10). In addition, the channel had a significant permeability for inorganic phosphate ions. The channel was found in about 1% of the cell-attached patches, which indicates that the channel is under the control of as yet unknown intracellular factors. Once activated by patch excision, the channel was voltage dependent and active at potentials close to 0 mV. At potentials outside the range of +/- 10 mV channel activity decreased. This process proceeded faster at increasing membrane potentials of either polarity. Returning to potentials close to 0 mV caused reopening of the channels within seconds if the preceding voltage step led to complete closure of the channels. Channel activity did not depend noticeably on intracellular and extracellular CA2+ ions. The channel is not unique to (chick) osteogenic cells but has been demonstrated in excised patches obtained from excitable and other nonexcitable cells. Although its presence in a wide variety of cell types suggests that the channel plays a general role in as yet unknown cell physiologic processes, the channel may also have specific functions in osteogenic cells, for example providing a pathway for phosphate ions during mineralization.