Lokeshwar Vinata B, Selzer Marie G
Department of Urology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33101, USA.
Urol Oncol. 2006 Nov-Dec;24(6):528-37. doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2006.07.003.
Bladder cancer is amenable to biomarker development because many tumor-associated molecules are secreted in urine. Tumor cells are shed in urine, and, therefore, tests that detect tumor cell-surface markers have also been developed to diagnose bladder cancer and monitor its recurrence. Several bladder tumor markers show higher sensitivity than cytology, but most have lower specificity. In addition to markers that use conventional technologies such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, point-of-care devices, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, fluorescent in situ hybridization, and immunocytochemistry, proteomic and gene profiling approaches are being used to find new biomarkers to assist in the molecular profiling of bladder cancer. This review describes both new and well-studied bladder tumor markers.
膀胱癌适合进行生物标志物开发，因为许多肿瘤相关分子会分泌到尿液中。肿瘤细胞会脱落在尿液中，因此，检测肿瘤细胞表面标志物的检测方法也已被开发出来用于诊断膀胱癌并监测其复发情况。几种膀胱肿瘤标志物显示出比细胞学更高的敏感性，但大多数特异性较低。除了使用酶联免疫吸附测定、即时检测设备、逆转录聚合酶链反应、荧光原位杂交和免疫细胞化学等传统技术的标志物外，蛋白质组学和基因谱分析方法也正在被用于寻找新的生物标志物，以协助膀胱癌的分子谱分析。这篇综述描述了新的和经过充分研究的膀胱肿瘤标志物。
