The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Washington, DC 20090-6920, USA.
Obstet Gynecol. 2006 Dec;108(6):1605-9. doi: 10.1097/00006250-200612000-00059.
Vaginal agenesis occurs in 1 of every 4,000-10,000 females. The most common cause of vaginal agenesis is congenital absence of the uterus and vagina, which also is referred to as müllerian aplasia, müllerian agenesis, or Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome. The condition usually can be successfully managed nonsurgically with the use of successive dilators if it is correctly diagnosed and the patient is sufficiently motivated. Besides correct diagnosis, effective management also includes evaluation for associated congenital renal or other anomalies and careful psychologic preparation of the patient before any treatment or intervention. If surgery is preferred, a number of approaches are available; the most common is the Abbe-McIndoe operation. Women who have a history of müllerian agenesis and have created a functional vagina require routine gynecologic care and can be considered in a similar category to that of women without a cervix and thus annual cytologic screening for cancer may be considered unnecessary in this population.
阴道发育不全在每4000至10000名女性中就有1例发生。阴道发育不全最常见的原因是先天性子宫和阴道缺失,这也被称为苗勒管发育不全、苗勒管缺如或迈耶-罗基坦斯基-库斯特-豪泽综合征。如果能正确诊断且患者有足够的积极性,通常可以通过使用连续扩张器成功地进行非手术治疗。除了正确诊断外,有效的治疗还包括评估相关的先天性肾脏或其他异常情况,并在任何治疗或干预之前对患者进行仔细的心理准备。如果首选手术,有多种方法可供选择;最常见的是阿贝-麦金杜手术。有苗勒管发育不全病史且已形成功能性阴道的女性需要常规的妇科护理,并且可以被视为与没有宫颈的女性属于同一类别,因此在这一人群中可能认为每年进行癌症细胞学筛查是不必要的。