Santelli John S, Lindberg Laura Duberstein, Finer Lawrence B, Singh Susheela
Guttmacher Institute, New York, NY, USA.
Am J Public Health. 2007 Jan;97(1):150-6. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2006.089169. Epub 2006 Nov 30.
We explored the relative contributions of declining sexual activity and improved contraceptive use to the recent decline in adolescent pregnancy rates in the United States.
We used data from 1995 and 2002 for women 15 to 19 years of age to develop 2 indexes: the contraceptive risk index, summarizing the overall effectiveness of contraceptive use among sexually active adolescents (including nonuse), and the overall pregnancy risk index, calculated according to the contraceptive risk index score and the percentage of individuals reporting sexual activity.
The contraceptive risk index declined 34% overall and 46% among adolescents aged 15 to 17 years. Improvements in contraceptive use included increases in the use of condoms, birth control pills, withdrawal, and multiple methods and a decline in nonuse. The overall pregnancy risk index declined 38%, with 86% of the decline attributable to improved contraceptive use. Among adolescents aged 15 to 17 years, 77% of the decline in pregnancy risk was attributable to improved contraceptive use.
The decline in US adolescent pregnancy rates appears to be following the patterns observed in other developed countries, where improved contraceptive use has been the primary determinant of declining rates.
我们探究了性行为减少和避孕措施使用改善对美国近期青少年怀孕率下降的相对贡献。
我们使用了1995年和2002年15至19岁女性的数据来制定两个指数：避孕风险指数，总结性活跃青少年（包括未采取避孕措施者）避孕措施使用的总体有效性；以及总体怀孕风险指数，根据避孕风险指数得分和报告有性行为的个体百分比计算得出。
避孕风险指数总体下降了34%，15至17岁青少年中下降了46%。避孕措施使用的改善包括避孕套、避孕药、体外射精和多种避孕方法使用的增加以及未采取避孕措施情况的减少。总体怀孕风险指数下降了38%，其中86%的下降归因于避孕措施使用的改善。在15至17岁青少年中，怀孕风险下降的77%归因于避孕措施使用的改善。
美国青少年怀孕率的下降似乎遵循了其他发达国家所观察到的模式，即避孕措施使用的改善是怀孕率下降的主要决定因素。
