Dasgupta Kaberi, O'Loughlin Jennifer, Chen Shunfu, Karp Igor, Paradis Gilles, Tremblay Johanne, Hamet Pavel, Pilote Louise
Departments of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Circulation. 2006 Dec 12;114(24):2663-70. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.624536. Epub 2006 Dec 4.
High systolic blood pressure (SBP) occurs more frequently both among men and boys than among women and girls. No longitudinal study has investigated whether the impact of SBP determinants differ according to sex in youth.
Between 1999 and 2005, an adolescent cohort (n=1267) completed a questionnaire survey and underwent biannual blood pressure and anthropometric assessment (grades 7, 9, and 11). Boys accounted for approximately 50% of those with high SBP at grade 7 and 9 assessments but 67% of those with high SBP at the grade 11 assessment. As computed through a generalized estimating equations logistic regression model (sex, age, sex and age interaction term, overweight, physical activity, sedentary behavior, heart rate, household income, tobacco use, and 4 language categories), the likelihood of high SBP values among boys compared with girls was 1.29 (95% CI, 0.77 to 2.16) in grade 7, 1.98 (95% CI, 1.35 to 2.93) in grade 9, and 2.74 (95% CI, 1.52 to 4.94) in grade 11. Although there was a significant interaction between sex and age, interaction terms of sex with overweight, sedentary behavior, and physical activity were not statistically significant. Overweight (odds ratio [OR], 2.63; 95% CI, 1.76 to 3.92) and sedentary behavior (OR, 1.17 for increment of 5 hours weekly; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.33) demonstrated positive associations with high SBP values. Physical activity was inversely associated with the presence of high SBP (OR, 0.92 for increment of 5 activities in 7 days; 95% CI, 0.84 to 1.00).
Boys are more likely than girls to develop high SBP as they approach adulthood. Even among overweight adolescents, reducing sedentary behavior and increasing physical activity may lower the risk of high SBP.
男性和男孩中收缩压（SBP）升高的情况比女性和女孩更为常见。尚无纵向研究调查过在青少年中SBP决定因素的影响是否因性别而异。
1999年至2005年间，一个青少年队列（n = 1267）完成了问卷调查，并每半年接受一次血压和人体测量评估（7年级、9年级和11年级）。在7年级和9年级评估中，约50%的SBP升高者为男孩，但在11年级评估中，这一比例为67%。通过广义估计方程逻辑回归模型（性别、年龄、性别与年龄交互项、超重、身体活动、久坐行为、心率、家庭收入、烟草使用和4种语言类别）计算得出，7年级时男孩SBP值升高的可能性与女孩相比为1.29（95%CI，0.77至2.16），9年级时为1.98（95%CI，1.35至2.93），11年级时为2.74（95%CI，1.52至4.94）。尽管性别与年龄之间存在显著交互作用，但性别与超重、久坐行为和身体活动的交互项无统计学意义。超重（比值比[OR]，2.63；95%CI，1.76至3.92）和久坐行为（每周增加5小时的OR为1.17；95%CI，1.04至1.33）与SBP值升高呈正相关。身体活动与SBP升高呈负相关（7天内增加5项活动的OR为0.92；95%CI，0.84至1.00）。
随着接近成年，男孩比女孩更易出现SBP升高。即使在超重青少年中，减少久坐行为并增加身体活动也可能降低SBP升高的风险。
