Stolberg Eva-Maria
Rheinische Friedrich-Wihelms-Universität, Seminar für Osteuropäische Geschichte, D-53113 Bonn.
Ber Wiss. 2006 Jun;29(2):109-20. doi: 10.1002/bewi.200601113.
In the nineteenth century Russian anthropologists adopted Western theories on the biological superiority of the white man in order to justify Russian colonization at the Asiatic periphery. After the Great Reforms the imperial process of acculturation was discussed in the context of modernization that also touched the institutionalization of colonial medicine. Whereas Russian armchair anthropologists were operating with racial idioms, physicians as practitioners on the colonial spot were not receptive to the ideology of "white man's burden". From experience with the socioeconomic backwardness of Russia's Asiatic periphery physicians stood up for the vital rights of the indigenous population in the colonial Public Health. With deep respect for indigenous medicine Russian physicians were not advocates of Russian colonial expansion and racial discrimination that made them different to their Western colleagues. On the basis of Russian nineteenth century medical literature and Siberian archival sources this paper outlines the critical reflections of Russian physicians on Tsarist colonialism.
19世纪，俄罗斯人类学家采用了西方关于白人在生物学上具有优越性的理论，以证明俄罗斯在亚洲边缘地区进行殖民统治的合理性。大改革之后，在现代化的背景下讨论了帝国的文化适应过程，这一过程也涉及到殖民医学的制度化。俄罗斯的空想人类学家运用种族观念，而作为殖民地实地从业者的医生并不接受“白人的负担”这一意识形态。基于对俄罗斯亚洲边缘地区社会经济落后状况的了解，医生们在殖民地公共卫生领域为当地居民的基本权利挺身而出。俄罗斯医生对本土医学怀有深深的敬意，他们不是俄罗斯殖民扩张和种族歧视的鼓吹者，这使他们有别于西方同行。本文基于俄罗斯19世纪的医学文献和西伯利亚的档案资料，概述了俄罗斯医生对沙皇殖民主义的批判性思考。
