Adams Marc A, Hovell Melbourne F, Irvin Veronica, Sallis James F, Coleman Karen J, Liles Sandy
PhD, MPH, Center for Behavioral Epidemiology and Community Health, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, 9245 Sky Park Court, Suite 230, San Diego, CA, 92123, USA.
Am J Health Promot. 2006 Nov-Dec;21(2):101-9. doi: 10.4278/0890-1171-21.2.101.
This study evaluated the effect of behavioral modeling and social factors promoting stair use.
Alternating baseline and intervention phase experimental design.
San Diego International Airport, San Diego, California.
Stair use was coded for 15,574 filmed participants.
This study compared the effects of three types of behavioral modeling: natural models (i.e., passersby), single experimental model (i.e., confederate), and confederate model pairs providing verbal prompts.
Variables were coded based on systematic observation of videotapes, including demographics, day and time, and the following indicators of physical and social reinforcement contingencies: dress, luggage, children, social group, and speed. Reliability ranged from .64 to .88.
Bivariate and logistic regression models stratified by gender.
Stair use increased over baseline by 102.6% with no model present and by 61.8% in the presence of natural models for men and women (p < .001). Controlling for multiple covariates, the odds ratios for stair use ranged from 1.76 to 2.93 for men and from 1.82 to 2.54 for women across the levels with natural and confederate models present (all p < .001).
Modeling can prompt stair use, and findings for social and environmental reinforcement contingencies support the Behavioral Ecological Model. Modeling may explain partial maintenance of stair use in public areas after removal of prompts (e.g., signs, banners). Results inform interventions for increasing physical activity as part of daily routines.
本研究评估行为示范和促进楼梯使用的社会因素的效果。
交替基线和干预阶段实验设计。
加利福尼亚州圣地亚哥市的圣地亚哥国际机场。
对15574名拍摄对象的楼梯使用情况进行编码。
本研究比较了三种类型行为示范的效果：自然示范者（即路人）、单一实验示范者（即同谋者）以及提供言语提示的同谋者示范者组合。
基于对录像带的系统观察对变量进行编码，包括人口统计学特征、日期和时间，以及以下身体和社会强化意外情况指标：着装、行李、儿童、社会群体和速度。信度范围为0.64至0.88。
按性别分层的双变量和逻辑回归模型。
在没有示范者的情况下，楼梯使用率比基线提高了102.6%，在有自然示范者的情况下，男性和女性的楼梯使用率提高了61.8%（p < 0.001）。在控制多个协变量的情况下，在有自然示范者和同谋者示范者的各水平上，男性使用楼梯的优势比范围为1.76至2.93，女性为1.82至2.54（所有p < 0.001）。
示范可以促使人们使用楼梯，社会和环境强化意外情况的研究结果支持行为生态模型。示范可能解释了在移除提示（如标志、横幅）后公共区域楼梯使用情况的部分维持。研究结果为将增加身体活动作为日常活动一部分的干预措施提供了参考。
