Arroyo-Rodríguez Víctor, Serio-Silva Juan Carlos, Alamo-García Javier, Ordano Mariano
División de Posgrado, Instituto de Ecología AC, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.
Am J Primatol. 2007 Feb;69(2):173-81. doi: 10.1002/ajp.20344.
We analyzed immature-to-mother social distance (juveniles and non-nursing infants) in two Mexican mantled howler monkey (Alouatta palliata) troops inhabiting a tropical rainforest fragment (40 ha) at Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, Mexico. During July and August of 2000 and 2001 we applied an instantaneous sampling method (317 hr) to record the behaviors of the immatures and their mothers, as well as distances (ordinal scale) between immatures and their mothers (IMD), and between immatures and nonmother individuals (INMD). Immatures were generally less than 5 m away from any individual of the troop. Social distance was influenced by the different behaviors of both mothers and immatures, with the shortest distances occurring during rest (IMD <5 m in 94% of all instantaneous samples) and the longest during exploration (21% > or =10 m) and play (26% > or =10 m). When IMD increased, we found a higher percentage of records <5 m to other individuals, particularly with the probable father. When the variation in distance to the mother and to other individuals in the troop was considered, the immature animals' distance to other troop members depended on the immatures' age and type of behavior. Overall, these results suggest that in this low-activity species the development of the immature is associated with a complex set of relationships with other troop members.
我们分析了墨西哥韦拉克鲁斯州洛斯图斯特拉斯一片40公顷热带雨林碎片中两个墨西哥鬃毛吼猴（Alouatta palliata）猴群里幼猴与母猴之间的社交距离（幼猴和未哺乳的婴儿）。在2000年和2001年的7月和8月，我们采用瞬时抽样法（317小时）记录幼猴及其母亲的行为，以及幼猴与其母亲之间（IMD）和幼猴与非母亲个体之间（INMD）的距离（序数尺度）。幼猴通常与猴群中的任何个体距离都小于5米。社交距离受到母亲和幼猴不同行为的影响，最短距离出现在休息时（在所有瞬时样本中94%的IMD<5米），最长距离出现在探索时（21%≥10米）和玩耍时（26%≥10米）。当IMD增加时，我们发现与其他个体距离<5米的记录比例更高，尤其是与可能的父亲。当考虑到与母亲和猴群中其他个体距离的变化时，幼猴与其他猴群成员的距离取决于幼猴的年龄和行为类型。总体而言，这些结果表明，在这个低活动量的物种中，幼猴的发育与与其他猴群成员的一系列复杂关系有关。
